Foraging Strategies of Yakushima Macaques
Foraging Strategies of Yakushima Macaques
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屋久岛猕猴的觅食策略
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N. Agetsuma
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作者：
N. Agetsuma
我调查了屋久岛猕猴（Macaca fuscata yakui）在日本屋久岛暖温带阔叶林的活动预算和饮食。在半个月之间，喂养时间和移动时间都有很大的变化。然而，总的时间花在积极的行为-喂养时间加上移动时间-是稳定的。饮食的组成也显示出相当大的变化之间的半个月。猕猴主要取食果实、种子、成熟叶片、落叶、花和嫩叶，每种食物至少占1个半月内取食时间的30%以上，也吃昆虫和真菌，但每种食物分别占1个半月内取食时间的25%和8%。花在成熟的叶子，嫩叶，花，或落下的种子上的取食时间与总的取食时间呈正相关，与移动时间呈负相关。相反，对水果、种子、昆虫或真菌的取食时间与取食时间呈负相关，与移动时间呈正相关。觅食能量含量低、密度高、分布相对均匀的食物--成熟的叶子--或者需要大量处理的食物--鲜花和落下的种子--会增加进食时间，而觅食猴子必须在森林中密集搜寻的食物--水果、种子、昆虫和真菌--导致移动时间增加。我研究了屋久岛猕猴的觅食策略，在移动成本和食品的质量。考虑到进食水果的时间，水果比其他食物具有更多的能量，可能需要更少的操作，作为一种好处，并将时间作为一种成本，他们似乎采用了一种平衡觅食成本和收益的策略。
I investigated the activity budget and diet of Yakushima macaques (Macaca fuscata yakui) in warm temperate broad-leaved forest of Yakushima, Japan. Both time spent feeding and time spent moving varied considerably between half-months. However, total time spent in active behaviors--feeding time plus moving time--was stable. The composition of the diet also showed considerable variation between half-months. The macaques fed mainly on fruits, seeds, mature leaves, fallen seeds, flowers, and young leaves, each of which accounted for more than 30% of feeding time in at least 1 half-month~ They also ate insects and fungi, but each of them comprised <_.25 and _~8% of feeding time in any half-month, respectively. Time spent feeding on mature leaves, young leaves, flowers, or fallen seeds is positively correlated with total time feeding and is negatively correlated with time moving. In contrast, time feeding on fruits, seeds, insects or fungi is negatively correlated with time feeding and is positively correlated with time moving. Foraging on foods that have a low energy content, a high density, and a relatively even distribution--mature leaves--or that need much manipulation to be processed--flowers and fallen seeds--increased feeding time, while foraging on foods for which monkeys must search intensively in the forest--fruits, seeds, insects, and fungi--led to increased moving time. I examined foraging strategies of Yakushima macaques in terms of moving costs and the quality of food items. Regarding time feeding on fruits, which have more energy and may need less manipulation than other foods, as a benefit, and moving time as a cost, they seemed to employ a strategy that balanced the costs and benefits of foraging.