SOCIAL-STRUCTURE AND FERTILITY - AN ANALYTIC FRAMEWORK
SOCIAL-STRUCTURE AND FERTILITY - AN ANALYTIC FRAMEWORK
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DOI：
10.1086/449714
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发表时间：
1956-01-01
影响因子：
2
通讯作者：
BLAKE, J
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
DAVIS, K;BLAKE, J
不发达地区的一个显著特点是，几乎所有这些地区的生育率都比城市工业社会高得多。这一有据可查但分析不足的事实，被认为与两种社会类型之间社会组织的深刻差异有关，因此对比较再生产社会学具有重要意义。然而，这种对比的清晰性和重要性不应掩盖一个同样重要的事实，即不发达地区本身在社会组织方面存在明显差异，而这些差异似乎导致了生育率的差异。虽然落后地区的人口统计数据普遍很差，以至于人们对所报告的差异的有效性产生了怀疑，但在某些情况下，证据是可靠的（例如，波多黎各和牙买加之间，或阿拉伯巴勒斯坦和锡兰之间）。具有不同社会组织的社会具有相同生育水平的情况也同样令人感兴趣，因为它们可能通过完全不同的体制机制达到这一共同结果。总而言之，有充分的机会对影响生育率的社会结构进行比较分析。鉴于未来人口发展趋势对经济发展的影响，研究比较生育社会学具有重要的理论意义和实践意义。本文试图建立和运用比较生育社会学的分析框架。它首先对影响生育率的任何社会因素都必须通过的中间变量进行分类。接下来，它试图概括地说明，社会组织的某些类型和要素如何通过这些变量发挥作用，似乎提高或降低了社会生育率。我们的希望是，随着更多的社会学和人口统计学信息变得可用，先进的理论可以进一步完善和经验检验。
A striking feature of underdeveloped areas is that virtually all of them exhibit a much higher fertility than do urban-industrial societies. This welldocumented but insufficiently analyzed fact is known to be connected with profound differences in social organization as between the two types of society, and is therefore significant for the comparative sociology of reproduction. The clarity and importance of the contrast, however, should not be allowed to obscure the equally important fact that underdeveloped areas themselves differ markedly in social organization, and that these differences appear to bring about variations in fertility. Though the demographic statistics of backward regions have generally been so poor as to place in doubt the validity of reported differences, there are cases in which the evidence is reliable(eg, as between Puerto Rico and Jamaica, or Arab Palestine and Ceylon). Of equal interest are the cases in which societies with differing social organization have the same level of fertility, for they may reach this common result by quite different institutional mechanisms. All told, ample opportunity exists for the comparative analysis of social structure as it affects fertility. In view of the bearing of future population trends on economic development, the pursuit of such analysis has a practical as well as a theoretical significance.The present paper represents an attempt to set forth and utilize an analytical framework for the comparative sociology of fertility. It first presents a classification of the intermediate variables through which any social factors influencing the level of fertility must operate. It next tries to show, in broad outline, how some types and elements of social organization, acting through these variables, appear to enhance or depress societal fertility. Our hope is that as more sociological and demographic information becomes available, the theories advanced can be refined further and tested empirically.