Sebacinales everywhere: previously overlooked ubiquitous fungal endophytes.
Sebacinales everywhere: previously overlooked ubiquitous fungal endophytes.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0016793
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发表时间：
2011-02-15
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Redecker D
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Weiss M;Sýkorová Z;Garnica S;Riess K;Martos F;Krause C;Oberwinkler F;Bauer R;Redecker D
不起眼的担子菌从目的Sebacinales已知参与一个令人费解的互惠植物真菌共生（真菌），其中可能涉及运输的矿物质营养物质的品种。最近，这种真菌目的一些成员不符合这个定义，通常被称为“内生菌”，引起了相当大的兴趣，他们的能力，以促进植物生长，并增加其宿主植物对非生物胁迫因素和真菌病原体的抗性。使用基于DNA的检测和电子显微镜，我们表明，Sebacinales不仅是非常多才多艺的菌根协会，但也几乎普遍存在的无菌内生菌。它们发生在我们调查的所有草本被子植物，包括苔类植物，小麦，玉米和非菌根模式植物拟南芥的田间标本。它们存在于我们研究的四大洲的所有栖息地。我们甚至在19世纪30年代至40年代前往北非的先驱实地考察的植物标本中发现了这些真菌。未检测到地理或宿主模式。我们的数据表明，众多的菌根相互作用在Sebacinales可能已经出现了从一个祖先的内生习性的专业化。考虑到它们对植物生长的有益影响及其普遍存在，内生Sebacinales可能是植物生态系统中以前未被认识到的普遍隐藏力量。
Inconspicuous basidiomycetes from the order Sebacinales are known to be involved in a puzzling variety of mutualistic plant-fungal symbioses (mycorrhizae), which presumably involve transport of mineral nutrients. Recently a few members of this fungal order not fitting this definition and commonly referred to as ‘endophytes’ have raised considerable interest by their ability to enhance plant growth and to increase resistance of their host plants against abiotic stress factors and fungal pathogens. Using DNA-based detection and electron microscopy, we show that Sebacinales are not only extremely versatile in their mycorrhizal associations, but are also almost universally present as symptomless endophytes. They occurred in field specimens of bryophytes, pteridophytes and all families of herbaceous angiosperms we investigated, including liverworts, wheat, maize, and the non-mycorrhizal model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. They were present in all habitats we studied on four continents. We even detected these fungi in herbarium specimens originating from pioneering field trips to North Africa in the 1830s/40s. No geographical or host patterns were detected. Our data suggest that the multitude of mycorrhizal interactions in Sebacinales may have arisen from an ancestral endophytic habit by specialization. Considering their proven beneficial influence on plant growth and their ubiquity, endophytic Sebacinales may be a previously unrecognized universal hidden force in plant ecosystems.
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