Two Routes to Expertise in Mental Rotation
Two Routes to Expertise in Mental Rotation
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获得心理旋转专业知识的两条途径
DOI：
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发表时间：
2013
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
A. Heathcote
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
A. Provost;Blake W. Johnson;F. Karayanidis;Scott D. Brown;A. Heathcote
想象物体旋转（心理旋转）的能力随着练习而显著提高，但对这种可塑性的解释仍然存在争议。一些研究人员提出，练习可以加快通用旋转算法的速度。另一些人则认为，表现的提高是通过采用一种新的认知策略而产生的——反复暴露导致对熟悉的心理旋转刺激所需的反应从记忆中快速检索。在两个实验中，我们通过将行为和脑电图测量相结合，以一种比单独使用任何一种测量方法都更严格的方式提供了对心理旋转练习效果的综合解释的支持。在练习前，参与者表现出两种公认的心理旋转特征：反应时间和脑电图负性随旋转角度线性增加。在用少量刺激物进行大量练习后，这两种心理旋转的特征几乎都消失了。相比之下，在相同数量的练习后，即使表现明显提高，但两个特征都保留了下来。综上所述，这些结果构成了一种反向关联，这种关联不可能由单一原因的变化引起，因此它们为存在两种途径来获得心理旋转的专业知识提供了令人信服的证据。我们还发现了新的证据，即使用大刺激而不是小刺激可以增加早期视觉诱发电位的大小，这表明旋转速度的提高是通过提高从二维刺激中提取三维信息的效率来实现的。
The ability to imagine objects undergoing rotation (mental rotation) improves markedly with practice, but an explanation of this plasticity remains controversial. Some researchers propose that practice speeds up the rate of a general-purpose rotation algorithm. Others maintain that performance improvements arise through the adoption of a new cognitive strategy-repeated exposure leads to rapid retrieval from memory of the required response to familiar mental rotation stimuli. In two experiments we provide support for an integrated explanation of practice effects in mental rotation by combining behavioral and EEG measures in a way that provides more rigorous inference than is available from either measure alone. Before practice, participants displayed two well-established signatures of mental rotation: Both response time and EEG negativity increased linearly with rotation angle. After extensive practice with a small set of stimuli, both signatures of mental rotation had all but disappeared. In contrast, after the same amount of practice with a much larger set both signatures remained, even though performance improved markedly. Taken together, these results constitute a reversed association, which cannot arise from variation in a single cause, and so they provide compelling evidence for the existence of two routes to expertise in mental rotation. We also found novel evidence that practice with the large but not the small stimulus set increased the magnitude of an early visual evoked potential, suggesting increased rotation speed is enabled by improved efficiency in extracting three-dimensional information from two-dimensional stimuli.