Systematic Study of Microplastic Fiber Release from 12 Different Polyester Textiles during Washing
Systematic Study of Microplastic Fiber Release from 12 Different Polyester Textiles during Washing
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DOI：
10.1021/acs.est.9b07395
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发表时间：
2020-04-21
影响因子：
11.4
通讯作者：
Nowack, Bernd
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Cai, Yaping;Yang, Tong;Nowack, Bernd
微塑料纤维(MPF)已被发现是淡水中微塑料的主要形式，而合成纺织品的洗涤已被确定为其主要来源之一。这项工作的目的是使用具有代表性的纤维和纺织品类型的12种不同纺织品组成的面板来调查洗涤过程中强积金的来源(S)。使用标准化的洗涤测试，使用五种不同的切割/缝纫方法定制的纺织品样本被洗涤多达10次。通过图像分析确定了MPF的用量和纤维长度。这12种纺织品的强积金释放量差异很大，每次洗涤时每克纺织品的强积金释放量在210至72,000 MPF之间。MPF长度的中位数为165~841微米。MPF的释放数量受切割方法的影响，剪刀切割的样品释放的MPF数量是激光切割样品的3-21倍。具有机械加工表面(即羊毛)的纺织品的释放量显著高于未经加工表面的纺织品(p值0.001)。所有纺织品的MPF释放量均随洗涤循环次数的增加而下降，洗涤5-6次后有少量连续的纤维释放量，纤维长度略有增加。释放的MPF数量的减少可能是由于困在纱线或纺织结构中的生产继承的MPF耗尽所致。激光切割样品的MPF释放量与其他切割方法的比较，使我们能够区分来自纺织品的边缘和表面来源的纤维对总释放量的贡献。平均而言，84%(范围49-95%)的MPF释放来自边缘，这突显了在比较不同释放研究时边缘与表面比率的重要性。边缘对总释放量的巨大贡献为技术解决方案提供了选择，这些技术解决方案有可能通过使用将MPF形成降至最低的切割方法来控制整个纺织制造链中的MPF形成。
Microplastic fibers (MPFs) have been found to be a major form of microplastics in freshwaters, and washing of synthetic textiles has been identified as one of their main sources. The aim of this work was to use a panel of 12 different textiles of representative fibers and textile types to investigate the source(s) of the MPF during washing. Using standardized washing tests, textile swatches tailored using five different cutting/sewing methods were washed up to 10 times. The MPF quantity and fiber length were determined using image analysis. The 12 textiles demonstrated great variability in MPF release, ranging from 210 to 72,000 MPF/g textile per wash. The median MPF length ranged from 165 to 841 mu m. The number of released MPF was influenced by the cutting method, where scissor-cut samples released 3-21 times higher numbers of MPF than the laser-cut samples. The textiles with mechanically processed surfaces (i.e., fleece) released significantly more (p-value < 0.001) than the textiles with unprocessed surfaces. For all textiles, the MPF release decreased with repeated wash cycles, and a small continuous fiber release was observed after 5-6 washings, accompanied by a slight increase in the fiber length. The decrease in the number of MPF released is likely caused by depletion of the production-inherited MPFs trapped within the threads or the textile structure. The comparison of MPF release from laser-cut samples, which had sealed edges, and the other cutting methods allowed us to separate the contributions of the edge- and surface-sourced fibers from the textiles to the total release. On an average, 84% (range 49-95%) of the MPF release originated from the edges, highlighting the importance of the edge-to-surface ratio when comparing different release studies. The large contribution of the edges to the total release offers options for technical solutions which have the possibility to control MPF formation throughout the textile manufacturing chain by using cutting methods which minimize MPF formation.