Menu Labeling Regulations and Calories Purchased at Chain Restaurants
Menu Labeling Regulations and Calories Purchased at Chain Restaurants
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DOI：
10.1016/j.amepre.2013.01.031
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发表时间：
2013-06-01
影响因子：
5.5
通讯作者：
Fleming, David W.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Krieger, James W.;Chan, Nadine L.;Fleming, David W.
背景：联邦菜单标签法将要求连锁餐厅在菜单上标注热量信息，但标签的影响是不确定的。目的：本研究的目的是研究菜单标签对卡路里购买的影响，其次，评估自我报告的标签意识和使用情况。设计：单社区前后横断面研究。数据收集于2008-2010年，分析于2011-2012年。环境/参与者：通过分层两阶段整群随机抽样，从华盛顿州金县的10家连锁餐厅中选取50家。共有7325个客户参与。资格标准是：会说英语，年龄在bb0 = 14岁，并有详细的收据。研究人群中59%为男性，76%为非西班牙裔白人，53%年龄< 40岁。干预措施：一项规定要求连锁餐厅在菜单或菜单板上标注卡路里信息。主要结果测量：购买的平均卡路里数。结果：基线和调节后4-6个月无明显变化。在实施后18个月，食品连锁店的每次购买平均卡路里从908.5减少到870.4(38千卡，95% CI=-76.9, 0.8, p=0.06)，咖啡连锁店从154.3减少到132.1（22千卡，95% CI=-35.8, -8.5, p=0.002）。墨西哥玉米卷和咖啡连锁店的卡路里减少了，但汉堡和三明治店没有。在咖啡连锁店中，女性的下降幅度大于男性。食品连锁店对标签的认知度从18.8%增加到61.7%，咖啡连锁店从4.4%增加到30.0% （p < 0.001）。在看到卡路里信息的顾客中，使用卡路里信息的比例（约三分之一）并没有随着时间的推移而发生实质性的变化。实施后，使用信息的食物链顾客比看到但没有使用这些信息的顾客（差异=143.2 kcal, p < 0.001）和没有看到这些信息的顾客（差异=135.5 kcal, p < 0.001）平均购买更少的卡路里。结论：在一些连锁餐厅实施菜单标签18个月后，每次购买的平均卡路里减少了，而且在女性中，而在男性中没有。(c) 2013年由爱思唯尔公司代表《美国预防医学杂志》出版
Background: The federal menu labeling law will require chain restaurants to post caloric information on menus, but the impact of labeling is uncertain.Purpose: The goal of the current study was to examine the effect of menu labeling on calories purchased, and secondarily, to assess self-reported awareness and use of labels.Design: Single-community pre-post-post cross-sectional study. Data were collected in 2008-2010 and analyzed in 2011-2012.Setting/participants: 50 sites from 10 chain restaurants in King County, Washington, selected through stratified, two-stage cluster random sampling. A total of 7325 customers participated. Eligibility criteria were: being an English speaker, aged >= 14 years, and having an itemized receipt. The study population was 59% male, 76% white non-Hispanic, and 53% aged < 40 years.Intervention: A regulation requiring chain restaurants to post calorie information on menus or menu boards was implemented.Main outcome measures: Mean number of calories purchased.Results: No significant changes occurred between baseline and 4-6 months postregulation. Mean calories per purchase decreased from 908.5 to 870.4 at 18 months post-implementation (38 kcal, 95% CI=-76.9, 0.8, p=0.06) in food chains and from 154.3 to 132.1 (22 kcal, 95% CI=-35.8, -8.5, p=0.002) in coffee chains. Calories decreased in taco and coffee chains, but not in burger and sandwich establishments. They decreased more among women than men in coffee chains. Awareness of labels increased from 18.8% to 61.7% in food chains and from 4.4% to 30.0% in coffee chains (both p < 0.001). Among customers seeing calorie information, the proportion using it (about one third) did not change substantially over time. After implementation, food chain customers using information purchased on average fewer calories compared to those seeing but not using (difference=143.2 kcal, p < 0.001) and those not seeing (difference=135.5 kcal, p < 0.001) such information.Conclusions: Mean calories per purchase decreased 18 months after implementation of menu labeling in some restaurant chains and among women but not men. (c) 2013 Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of American Journal of Preventive Medicine