Cynthia J. Arnson and I. William Zartman (eds.). Rethinking the Economics of War. The Intersection of Need, Creed, and Greed
Cynthia J. Arnson and I. William Zartman (eds.). Rethinking the Economics of War. The Intersection of Need, Creed, and Greed
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辛西娅·J·阿恩森 (Cynthia J. Arnson) 和 I·威廉·扎特曼 (I. William Zartman)（编辑）。
DOI：
10.1080/09592290701774558
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发表时间：
2007
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Jeremy Black
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作者：
Jeremy Black
一个致力于收集，提出剥夺和歧视作为国家内部武装冲突的主要原因。然而，从经济学角度进行讨论的结果是淡化了意识形态的作用。这当然是这种讨论的惯常结果，因为意识形态在很大程度上是以物质利益和驱动力的掩护或产物的形式出现的。这是不能令人信服的，而且实际上低估了这些兴趣、动机和由此产生的仇恨在某种程度上是由意识形态因素造成的。阿恩森的介绍性章节之后是伊丽莎白皮卡德关于1975-1990年黎巴嫩内战。她认为，货物贩运和经济利润加剧了战争的暴力，而对土地的争夺和散居地的动员往往会在宣布停火后很长时间内延长战争。Cynthia McClitock认为，如果光辉道路没有从可卡因贸易中获得资金，它就不会对秘鲁国家构成如此严重的威胁，但控制资源本身从来没有成为光辉道路的目标。然而，在吉米·坎德对塞拉利昂境内的叛乱活动定罪的叙述中，贪婪逐渐成为一个关键因素。Philippe Le Billon将安哥拉带入，强调了资源在冲突中的重要作用。Erik Kennes讨论了刚果，Marc Chernick讨论了哥伦比亚游击队如何在资源获取上“制定战略”，Paula Newberg考虑了阿富汗。在大卫马龙和杰克谢尔曼评估了内战中经济因素的政策维度之后，我。William Zartman最后强调，“在贫困变成歧视、治理和抗议变成私有化之前，尽早处理冲突。至于需求、信条和贪婪，冲突滋生的弊病：最好尽早阻止它们，以免需求助长信条，信条助长贪婪”（第284页）。如果一切都那么简单就好了。
A committed collection that presents deprivation and discrimination as the primary causes of armed conflict within states. The discussion in terms of economics, however, has the consequence of downplaying the role of ideology. This of course is the habitual consequence of such a discussion, because ideology appears largely in terms of a cover for, or product of, material interest and drives. This is unconvincing, and indeed underrates the extent to which these interest, drives and resulting animosities are constructed in part in terms of ideological factors. An introductory chapter by Arnson is followed by Elizabeth Picard on the Lebanese civil war of 1975–1990. She argues that goods trafficking and financial profits contributed to the intensification of the war’s violence, while the competition for land, and mobilisation in the diaspora tended to protract the war long after the ceasefire had been proclaimed. Cynthia McClitock suggests that Sendero Luminoso would not have mounted as severe a threat to Peru’s state had it not secured funds from the cocaine trade, but that at no time did the control of resources become an objective in itself for Sendero. Greed, however, evolves as a key element in Jimmy Kandeh’s account of the criminalization of the RUF insurgency in Sierra Leone. Philippe Le Billon brings in Angola, underlining the significant role of resources in the conflict. Erik Kennes discusses Congo, Marc Chernick discusses how in Colombia guerrillas “strategize” over resource acquisition, and Paula Newberg considers Afghanistan. After David Malone and Jake Sherman assess the policy dimensions of economic factors in civil wars, I. William Zartman concludes by pressing the case for dealing “with conflict early, before poverty becomes discrimination and both governance and protest become privatized. As for need, creed, and greed, the ills that conflict breed: It is best to stop them early, lest the need feed creed and creed feed [s] greed”(p. 284). Would it was all so easy.