Does a salient distractor capture attention early in processing?
Does a salient distractor capture attention early in processing?
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DOI：
10.3758/bf03196524
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发表时间：
2003-09-01
影响因子：
3.5
通讯作者：
Egeth, HE
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Lamy, D;Tsal, Y;Egeth, HE
Kim和Cave（1999）使用空间探针来测量自下而上和自上而下因素对空间注意力分配的影响。受试者寻找一个具有独特形状的目标，每个试验中都有一个独特颜色的干扰物。单个干扰物在加工的早期捕获注意力，而注意力随后会聚焦于目标的位置。Kim和Cave（1999）得出结论，自上而下的因素不能阻止显著干扰物的存在延迟目标选择。本研究验证了这一观点。这是因为受试者采取了寻找最显著项目的策略。Kim和Cave（1999）的发现在实验1中得到了重复。在实验2中，而不是一个功能搜索，受试者进行了连接搜索，也就是说，不能使用基于显着性的策略进行的任务。在短刺激和长刺激起始条件下，在显著干扰物的位置处，探针反应时间最长。这些结果表明，在早期的处理，自上而下的因素可以发挥其影响力，并防止捕获的注意力由一个突出的分心。
Kim and Cave (1999) used spatial probes in order to measure the effects of bottom-up and top-down factors on the allocation of spatial attention over time. Subjects searched for a target with a unique shape, with a uniquely colored distractor present on each trial. The singleton distractor captured attention early in processing, whereas attention homed in on the target's location later on. Kim and Cave (1999) concluded that top-down factors cannot prevent the presence of a salient distractor from delaying target selection. The present study tested the idea that. such results were obtained only because subjects adopted the strategy of searching for the most salient item. Kim and Cave's (1999) finding was replicated in Experiment 1. In Experiment 2, instead of a feature search, subjects performed a conjunction search-that is, a task that could not be performed using a salience-based strategy. Probe response times were longest at the salient distractor's location at both the short and the long stimulus onset asynchronies. These results suggest that, early in processing, top-down factors can exert their influence and prevent the capture of attention by a salient distractor.