KSIM: simulating KIDSpec, a Microwave Kinetic Inductance Detector spectrograph for the optical/NIR
KSIM: simulating KIDSpec, a Microwave Kinetic Inductance Detector spectrograph for the optical/NIR
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DOI：
10.1093/rasti/rzad018
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发表时间：
2023-01
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
V. B. Hofmann;K. O’Brien
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
V. B. Hofmann;K. O’Brien
KIDSpec，动力学电感探测器光谱仪，是一种建议的光学到近红外微波动力学电感探测器(MKID)光谱仪。MKID是一种超导光子计数探测器，能够分辨入射光子的能量及其到达时间。KIDSpec将使用这些探测器将进入的光谱顺序从光栅中分离出来，因此不需要交叉分散器。在本文中，我们提出了一个模拟工具KIDSpec在建造时的潜在性能，以优化给定的设计。该模拟工具是KIDSpec模拟器(KSIM)，这是一个旨在模拟各种KIDSpec和观测参数的Python包。模拟了一系列天体物理对象：恒星对象、SDSS观测到的星系、塞弗特星系和捷豹星表中的模拟星系光谱。对KIDSpec的多种中谱分辨率设计进行了模拟。模拟了MKID能量分辨率变化和死像素的可能影响，并使用减小的卡方(RCS)值观察了对KIDSpec性能的影响。使用当前仪器的死像素百分比，发现对于模拟的设计之一，RCS结果最坏情况下只增加到1.21。对KSIM和X-Shooter等的目标模拟的信噪比进行了仿真比较。与X-Shooter相比，KIDSpec在短时间和微弱的观测方面提供了特别的改进。对于Seyfert星系(MR=21)的模拟，使用180 S曝光，KIDSpec的平均信噪比为4.8，相比之下，X-Shooter的平均SNR为1.5。使用KSIM可以对KIDSpec的设计进行优化，以进一步改进仪器。
KIDSpec, the Kinetic Inductance Detector Spectrometer, is a proposed optical to near-IR Microwave Kinetic Inductance Detector (MKID) spectrograph. MKIDs are superconducting photon counting detectors which are able to resolve the energy of incoming photons and their time of arrival. KIDSpec will use these detectors to separate incoming spectral orders from a grating, thereby not requiring a cross-disperser. In this paper, we present a simulation tool for KIDSpec’s potential performance upon construction to optimize a given design. This simulation tool is the KIDSpec Simulator (KSIM), a Python package designed to simulate a variety of KIDSpec and observation parameters. A range of astrophysical objects are simulated: stellar objects, an SDSS observed galaxy, a Seyfert galaxy, and a mock galaxy spectrum from the JAGUAR catalogue. Multiple medium spectral resolution designs for KIDSpec are simulated. The possible impact of MKID energy resolution variance and dead pixels was simulated, with impacts on KIDSpec performance observed using the Reduced Chi-Squared (RCS) value. Using dead pixel percentages from current instruments, the RCS result was found to only increase to 1.21 at worst for one of the designs simulated. SNR comparisons of object simulations between KSIM and X-Shooter’s ETC were also simulated. KIDSpec offers a particular improvement over X-Shooter for short and faint observations. For a Seyfert galaxy (mR = 21) simulation with a 180 s exposure, KIDSpec had an average SNR of 4.8, in contrast to 1.5 for X-Shooter. Using KSIM the design of KIDSpec can be optimized to improve the instrument further.