Behavioral, physical, and demographic changes in Drosophila populations through dietary restriction
Behavioral, physical, and demographic changes in Drosophila populations through dietary restriction
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1474-9726.2005.00181.x
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发表时间：
2005-12-01
期刊：
影响因子：
7.8
通讯作者：
Helfand, SL
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bross, TG;Rogina, B;Helfand, SL
饮食限制(DR)是研究衰老过程的有价值的实验工具。这一领域的研究主要依靠啮齿动物模型，但最近人们的注意力转向了黑腹果蝇。然而，人们对DR对野生型果蝇的基线影响知之甚少，持续的实验需要这样的信息。这里描述的研究结果调查了DR对广州-S果蝇近交系野生种群的影响，并证明了饮食对寿命的显著影响。在有限的饮食条件范围内，野生雌性果蝇的健康寿命差异高达121%。在雄蝇身上也观察到了显著的差异，但DR效应的幅度不那么强烈。对存活期数据的死亡率分析表明，寿命的这种变化可以归因于死亡率函数的比率参数的调节--人口老龄化速度的变化。由于果蝇的摄食不像啮齿动物那样容易控制，这项研究还探讨了将DR模型应用于果蝇种群的有效性。在调查的各种饮食条件下，果蝇的摄食和体重数据表明，高卡路里饮食的果蝇与低卡路里饮食的果蝇消耗的食物量相似，导致不同的卡路里摄入量。生育力和活动水平表明，调查的饮食具有可比性，将实验室食物的卡路里含量增加到正常浓度的两倍对于实验苍蝇种群来说并不是病态的。
Dietary restriction (DR) is a valuable experimental tool for studying the aging process. Primary advancement of research in this area has relied on rodent models, but attention has recently turned toward Drosophila melanogaster. However, little is known about the baseline effects of DR on wild-type Drosophila and continued experimentation requires such information. The findings described here survey the effects of DR on inbred, wild-type populations of Canton-S fruit flies and demonstrate a robust effect of diet on longevity. Over a circumscribed range of dietary conditions, healthy lifespan varies by as much as 121% for wild-type Drosophila females. Significant differences are also observed for male flies, but the magnitude of the DR effect is less robust. Mortality analyses of the survivorship data reveal that this variation in lifespan can be attributed to a modulation of the rate parameter for the mortality function - a change in the demographic rate of aging. Since the feeding of fruit flies is less easily controlled than that of rodents, this research also addresses the validity of applying a DR model to Drosophila populations. Feeding and body weight data for flies given the various dietary conditions surveyed indicate that Drosophila on higher-calorie diets consume a similar volume of food to those on a low-calorie diet, resulting in different levels of calorie intake. Fertility and activity levels demonstrate that the diets surveyed are comparable, and that increasing the calorie content of laboratory food up to twice the normal concentration is not pathologic for experimental fly populations.