Gut microbiota may predict host divergence time during Glires evolution
Gut microbiota may predict host divergence time during Glires evolution
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肠道微生物群可以预测 Glires 进化过程中的宿主分化时间
DOI：
10.1093/femsec/fix009
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发表时间：
2017-03-01
影响因子：
4.2
通讯作者：
Li, Xiangzhen
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Li, Huan;Qu, Jiapeng;Li, Xiangzhen
动物肠道微生物群落在宿主进化中起着关键作用。然而，肠道微生物区系与寄主分化时间之间的可能关系仍不清楚。在这里，我们调查了分布在青藏高原和内蒙古草原的8种Glires的肠道微生物区系，其中4种为变形虫，4种为啮齿动物。鼠形动物和啮齿动物的肠道微生物组成不同。4种啮齿动物中，有3种是以小鼠为主，而啮齿动物总体上以拟杆菌属为主。α多样性值(Shannon多样性和均匀度)在泻湖内的任何两个物种之间表现出显著差异，而啮齿动物之间则没有显著差异。鼠形动物和啮齿类动物肠道微生物区系的结构有显著差异。此外，我们计算了宿主系统发育和分化时间，并使用系统发育方法重建了动物肠道微生物区系如何与它们的祖先物种分化。在与植物多糖降解相关的所有Glires个体中，超过十分之九的核心细菌属(如普氏杆菌和梭状芽孢杆菌)在环状藻类内发生了显着变化。Glires肠道微生物区系的差异(基于加权的UniFrac和Bray-Curtis相异度)与宿主分歧时间呈正相关。因此，我们的结果表明肠道微生物组成与宿主系统发育有关，并进一步表明动物肠道微生物区系的不同可能预测宿主分化时间。
The gut microbial communities of animals play key roles in host evolution. However, the possible relationship between gut microbiota and host divergence time remains unknown. Here, we investigated the gut microbiota of eight Glires species (four lagomorph species and four rodent species) distributed throughout the Qinghai-Tibet plateau and Inner Mongolia grassland. Lagomorphs and rodents had distinct gut microbial compositions. Three out of four lagomorph species were dominated by Firmicutes, while rodents were dominated by Bacteroidetes in general. The alpha diversity values (Shannon diversity and evenness) exhibited significant differences between any two species within the lagomorphs, whereas there were no significant differences among rodents. The structure of the gut microbiota showed significant differences between lagomorphs and rodents. In addition, we calculated host phylogeny and divergence times, and used a phylogenetic approach to reconstruct how the animal gut microbiota has diverged from their ancestral species. Some core bacterial genera (e.g. Prevotella and Clostridium) shared by more than nine-tenths of all the Glires individuals associated with plant polysaccharide degradation showed marked changes within lagomorphs. Differences in Glires gut microbiota (based on weighted UniFrac and Bray-Curtis dissimilarity metrics) were positively correlated with host divergence time. Our results thus suggest the gut microbial composition is associated with host phylogeny, and further suggest that dissimilarity of animal gut microbiota may predict host divergence time.