Short-term geomorphological evolution of proglacial systems
Short-term geomorphological evolution of proglacial systems
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DOI：
10.1016/j.geomorph.2017.01.037
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发表时间：
2017-06
期刊：
影响因子：
3.9
通讯作者：
J. Carrivick;T. Heckmann
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
J. Carrivick;T. Heckmann
冰前系统是地球上变化最快的景观之一，随着气候变化，冰川质量损失，永久冻土退化和更多的强降雨事件。这次审查解决了迫切需要定量定义冰前系统不仅在空间范围内，而且在功能过程。它首先提供了一个重要的评价流行的概念模型的冰前系统，并利用这一点来证明汇编数据的地形变化率的平面形态，水平运动，海拔变化和沉积物预算。这些数据使我们能够产生新的总结概念图，考虑在纵向和横向的水和沉积物通量的平衡方面的冰前景观演变。在整个过程中，我们给出了新出现的数据集和数据处理方法的例子，因为它们有可能帮助解决以下问题：（i）对高山、北极和极地地区的冰前系统缺乏了解，（ii）冰前系统的地貌和功能在流域间和流域内存在相当大的差异，（iii）短期地貌变化的幅度处于检测阈值的问题，（iv）将短期变化与长期趋势分开，以及（v）用于区域化和升级的地块规模实地测量的代表性。我们认为，了解未来气候变化对冰川系统的影响，需要全面的过程为基础的建模，明确考虑反馈和联系，特别是山坡和谷底组件之间。这种建模必须通过新一代的重复分布式地形测量来提供信息，以检测和量化短期地貌变化。
Proglacial systems are amongst the most rapidly changing landscapes on Earth, as glacier mass loss, permafrost degradation and more episodes of intense rainfall progress with climate change. This review addresses the urgent need to quantitatively define proglacial systems not only in terms of spatial extent but also in terms of functional processes. It firstly provides a critical appraisal of prevailing conceptual models of proglacial systems, and uses this to justify compiling data on rates of landform change in terms of planform, horizontal motion, elevation changes and sediment budgets. These data permit us to produce novel summary conceptual diagrams that consider proglacial landscape evolution in terms of a balance of longitudinal and lateral water and sediment fluxes. Throughout, we give examples of newly emerging datasets and data processing methods because these have the potential to assist with the issues of: (i) a lack of knowledge of proglacial systems within high-mountain, arctic and polar regions, (ii) considerable inter- and intra-catchment variability in the geomorphology and functioning of proglacial systems, (iii) problems with the magnitude of short-term geomorphological changes being at the threshold of detection, (iv) separating short-term variability from longer-term trends, and (v) of the representativeness of plot-scale field measurements for regionalisation and for upscaling. We consider that understanding of future climate change effects on proglacial systems requires holistic process-based modelling to explicitly consider feedbacks and linkages, especially between hillslope and valley-floor components. Such modelling must be informed by a new generation of repeated distributed topographic surveys to detect and quantify short-term geomorphological changes.