Ambient air particles: Effects on cellular oxidant radical generation in relation to particulate elemental chemistry
Ambient air particles: Effects on cellular oxidant radical generation in relation to particulate elemental chemistry
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DOI：
10.1006/taap.1999.8701
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发表时间：
1999-07-15
影响因子：
3.8
通讯作者：
Gallagher, JE
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Prahalad, AK;Soukup, JM;Gallagher, JE
流行病学研究已经报道了暴露于高浓度的环境空气颗粒物（AAP）与具有潜在呼吸系统问题的个体的发病率增加之间的因果关系。多形白细胞（PMN）经常出现在暴露于颗粒物的个体的气道中。在颗粒刺激时，PMN可释放活性氧（ROS），这可导致组织损伤和损伤。在这项研究中，广泛的AAP样品从不同的来源（1，天然粉尘; 2，油飞灰; 2，粉煤灰; 5，环境空气，和1，炭黑）进行了分析元素含量和溶解度与它们产生ROS的能力。使用能量色散X射线荧光（XRF）在AAP和dH（2）O-洗涤的AAP中进行元素分析。XRF可检测元素占样品质量的百分比为1.2%（炭黑）; 22-29%（自然粉尘和环境空气颗粒）; 13-22%（油飞灰颗粒）; 28-49%（煤飞灰颗粒）。在大多数这些颗粒中的元素的主要比例是铝硅酸盐和不溶性铁，除了油衍生的飞灰颗粒，其中可溶性钒和镍是在最高浓度，一致的颗粒酸度中测量的上清液。将人血单核细胞和中性粒细胞暴露于AAP和dH（2）O洗涤的颗粒，并使用鲁米诺增强化学发光（LCL）测定ROS的产生。除炭黑外，所有颗粒均能诱导细胞产生化学发光反应。AAP诱导的单核细胞的氧化反应（油飞灰颗粒除外）小于PMN引起的反应。中性粒细胞的LCL反应一般随所有洗涤颗粒物而增加，油飞灰（OFA）和一种城市空气颗粒物在dH（2）O洗涤和未洗涤颗粒物之间显示出统计学显著性差异（p < 0.05）。中性粒细胞LCL活性与中性粒细胞不溶性Si、Fe、Mn、Ti、Co含量呈显著正相关（p < 0.05）。中性粒细胞中LCL活性与可溶性过渡金属如V、Cr、Ni和Cu之间没有关系。预处理的颗粒与金属离子螯合剂，去铁胺，不影响LCL在PMN，这表明金属离子是不相关的LCL在PMN的诱导。颗粒S含量和酸度的颗粒中测得的上清液中没有涉及LCL活动在PMN。这些结果表明，不溶性成分的颗粒相关的LCL在PMN的可能性。由于这些粉尘中的一些能够沉积在肺中并可引起PMN的浸润，因此激活这些细胞的能力可能有助于颗粒毒性。(C)北京：科学出版社.
Epidemiologic studies have reported causal relationships between exposures to high concentrations of ambient air particles (AAP) and increased morbidity in individuals with underlying respiratory problems. Polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) are frequently present in the airways of individuals exposed to particles. Upon particulate stimulation the PMN may release reactive oxygen species (ROS), which can result in tissue damage and injury. In this study a wide range of AAP samples from divergent sources (1, natural dust; 2, oil fly ash; 2, coal fly ash; 5, ambient air, and 1, carbon black) were analyzed for elemental content and solubility in relation to their ability to generate ROS. Elemental analyses were carried out in AAP and dH(2)O-washed AAP using energy dispersive x-ray fluorescence (XRF). Percent of sample mass accounted for by XRF-detectable elements was 1.2% (carbon black); 22-29% (natural dust and ambient air particles); 13-22% (oil fly ash particles); 28-49% (coal fly ash particles). The major proportion of elements in most of these particles were aluminosilicates and insoluble iron, except oil-derived fly ash particles in which soluble vanadium and nickel were in highest concentrations, consistent with particle acidity as measured in the supernatants. Human blood-derived monocytes and PMN were exposed to AAP and dH(2)O-washed particles, and generation of ROS was determined using luminol-enhanced chemiluminescence (LCL) assay. All the particles induced chemiluminescence response in the cells, except carbon black. The oxidant response of monocytes induced by AAP (with the exception of oil fly ash particles) was less than the response elicited by PMN. The LCL response of PMN in general increased with all washed particles, with oil fly ash (OFA) and one urban air particle showing statistically significant (p < 0.05) differences between dH(2)O-washed and unwashed par tides. The LCL activity in PMN induced by both particles and dH(2)O-washed particles was significantly correlated with the insoluble Si, Fe, Mn, Ti, and Co content of particles (p < 0.05). No relationship between LCL activity in PMN and soluble transition metals such as V, Cr, Ni, and Cu was noted. Pretreatment of the particles with a metal ion-chelator, deferoxamine, did not affect LCL in PMN, suggesting that metal ions are not related to the induction of LCL in PMN. Particulate S content and acidity of the particles as measured in the supernatants did not relate to LCL activity in PMN. These results point to the possibility that the insoluble constituents of the particles are related to LCL in PMN. Since some of these dusts are capable of depositing in the lungs and can cause infiltration of PMN, the ability to activate those cells may contribute to particulate toxicity. (C) 1999 Academic Press.