Robust Lossless Image Data Hiding Designed for Semi-Fragile Image Authentication
Robust Lossless Image Data Hiding Designed for Semi-Fragile Image Authentication
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DOI：
10.1109/tcsvt.2008.918761
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发表时间：
2008-04
影响因子：
8.4
通讯作者：
Zhicheng Ni;Y. Shi;N. Ansari;W. Su;Qibin Sun;Xiao Lin
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Zhicheng Ni;Y. Shi;N. Ansari;W. Su;Qibin Sun;Xiao Lin
近年来，在各种数据隐藏技术中，一个新的子集，无损数据隐藏，受到越来越多的关注。然而，现有的无损数据隐藏算法大多是脆弱的，在这个意义上说，隐藏的数据不能被正确提取后，压缩或其他偶然的改变已施加到隐写图像。现有的唯一的半脆弱（本文中称为鲁棒）无损数据隐藏技术，这是对高质量的JPEG压缩鲁棒性，是基于模256加法，以实现无损。在本文中，我们首先指出，这种技术遭受了恼人的盐和胡椒噪声所造成的使用模256除了防止上溢/下溢。然后，我们提出了一种新的鲁棒无损数据隐藏技术，它不会产生盐和胡椒噪声。该技术通过基于拼接理论确定鲁棒的统计量并将其用于数据嵌入，根据像素组的分布特征区分比特嵌入过程，并使用纠错码和排列方案，实现了无损性和鲁棒性。它已成功地应用于许多图像，从而证明了它的通用性。实验结果表明，所提出的无损数据隐藏方案具有较高的图像视觉质量、数据嵌入容量和抗压缩鲁棒性，可用于半脆弱图像认证等多种应用。具体地说，它已成功地应用于认证有损压缩的JPEG 2000图像，随后可能的转码。这种新的鲁棒无损数据隐藏算法可以很容易地应用于医疗、执法、遥感等需要恢复原始图像的领域。
Recently, among various data hiding techniques, a new subset, lossless data hiding, has received increasing interest. Most of the existing lossless data hiding algorithms are, however, fragile in the sense that the hidden data cannot be extracted out correctly after compression or other incidental alteration has been applied to the stego-image. The only existing semi-fragile (referred to as robust in this paper) lossless data hiding technique, which is robust against high-quality JPEG compression, is based on modulo-256 addition to achieve losslessness. In this paper, we first point out that this technique has suffered from the annoying salt-and-pepper noise caused by using modulo-256 addition to prevent overflow/underflow. We then propose a novel robust lossless data hiding technique, which does not generate salt-and-pepper noise. By identifying a robust statistical quantity based on the patchwork theory and employing it to embed data, differentiating the bit-embedding process based on the pixel group's distribution characteristics, and using error correction codes and permutation scheme, this technique has achieved both losslessness and robustness. It has been successfully applied to many images, thus demonstrating its generality. The experimental results show that the high visual quality of stego-images, the data embedding capacity, and the robustness of the proposed lossless data hiding scheme against compression are acceptable for many applications, including semi-fragile image authentication. Specifically, it has been successfully applied to authenticate losslessly compressed JPEG2000 images, followed by possible transcoding. It is expected that this new robust lossless data hiding algorithm can be readily applied in the medical field, law enforcement, remote sensing and other areas, where the recovery of original images is desired.