Emergy-based analysis of four farming systems: insight into agricultural diversification in rural China
Emergy-based analysis of four farming systems: insight into agricultural diversification in rural China
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jclepro.2011.10.042
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发表时间：
2012-06
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
Lixiao Zhang;B. Song;Bin Chen
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Lixiao Zhang;B. Song;Bin Chen
中国政府越来越多地将农业产业政策作为促进农村发展的手段，但这并不一定会导致农村收入的提高，也不一定会实现其他社会和环境目标。应用能值综合方法对四个农业生产系统进行了分析，种植种植园和池塘养鱼两种当地传统生产方式，一只规模化绍兴鸭（Anas Platyrhyncha var. 2007年在山东省微山县对引进的双孢蘑菇（Agaricus Bisporus）专业化生产系统和栽培系统进行了环境效益评价和比较。此外，为了了解农业多样化的好处和驱动力，将环境绩效结果与传统的经济指标进行了对比。正如EYR、ELR和ESI所指出的，可以清楚地表明，规模化养鸭和新引进的普通蘑菇栽培替代品虽然比玉米种植和池塘养鱼具有更好的经济效益，但不属于可持续模式。然而，农村农业多种经营的发展也受到土地可得性、投资能力乃至劳动力可得性的影响。因此，在微山地区乃至整个中国，实现一个经济效益和环境可持续的多元化农业系统并非易事。以目前的方式鼓励农业多样化发展而不过多考虑环境恶化是不明智的。
The Chinese government has increasingly turned to agricultural industry policy as a means of promoting rural development, which have not necessarily led to an improvement in rural incomes nor to the achievement of other social and environmental goals. Emergy synthesis methods were applied to four agricultural production systems, i.e., two local traditional production systems as maize plantation and pond fish farming, one scaled Shaoxing duck (Anas Platyrhyncha var. domestica) rearing system, and one newly introduced specialty production system of common mushroom (Agaricus Bisporus) cultivation, in Weishan county of Shandong province of China in the year 2007, to assess and compare their environmental performances. Additionally, aiming at understanding the benefits and driving forces of agricultural diversification, environmental performance results were contrasted with traditional economic indicators. As indicated by EYR, ELR and ESI, it can be clearly shown that the scaled duck rearing and newly introduced common mushroom cultivation alternatives are not in a sustainable pattern, although having better economic performance than maize cropping and pond fish farming. Nevertheless, the development of rural agricultural diversification is also affected by land accessibility, investment ability and even labor availability. Therefore, achieving a profitable and environmental sustainable diversified farming system is not an easy task in Weishan area as well as in whole China. It is unwise to encourage development of agricultural diversification in current manners without too much consideration on environmental degradation.