Assessment of organophosphorous pesticide exposures in the diets of preschool children in Washington State
Assessment of organophosphorous pesticide exposures in the diets of preschool children in Washington State
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DOI：
10.1038/sj.jea.7500197
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发表时间：
2002-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Curl, CL
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Fenske, RA;Kedan, G;Curl, CL
采用24小时重复膳食抽样方法，调查2~5岁儿童膳食农药暴露情况。重复的饮食从生活在西雅图大都市区的7名儿童和生活在华盛顿州中部车兰县和道格拉斯县的6名儿童身上收集。每个孩子的饮食样本分别在夏季和秋季收集，每天的总饮食被分为四类食物：新鲜水果和蔬菜、饮料、加工食品和乳制品。共收集了88个单独的食品类别样本，并对15种有机磷(OP)农药进行了分析。13名儿童中有3名在他们的两种饮食样本中都没有检测到OP杀虫剂，26种重复饮食中有14种没有检测到OP杀虫剂水平。16个单独的食品类别样本含有至少一种OP杀虫剂的可检测水平，其中两个样本含有两种OP杀虫剂的可检测水平。在15种目标农药中，检测到6种：甲硫磷、毒死蜱、马拉硫磷、甲硫磷、甲基对硫磷和亚硫磷。最常见的是甲基硫磷(占所有样品的10%)，特别是在含有苹果或苹果汁的样品中。新鲜水果和蔬菜类的农药检测频率最高，其次是饮料。有机磷农药在任何乳制品样本中都没有检测到水平。马拉硫磷是在加工食品样本中唯一检测到的OP杀虫剂，在26个样本中有4个出现(15%)。没有检测到农产品上的残留超过法定允许量，但在一次抽样事件中，一个受试者超过了毒死蜱暴露的急性人群调整参考剂量(APAD)1.7微克/公斤/天。据估计，该受试者每天累积的毒死蜱当量剂量为2.5杯/公斤/天。
Twenty-four hour duplicate diet sampling was employed to investigate dietary pesticide exposures of children aged 2 to 5 years. Duplicate diets were collected from seven children living in the Seattle metropolitan area and six children living in Chelan and Douglas counties in Central Washington. Diet samples were collected from each child in the summer and again in the fall, and total daily diets were divided into four food categories: fresh fruits and vegetables, beverages, processed foods, and dairy products. A total of 88 individual food category samples were collected and analyzed for 15 organophosphorous (OP) pesticides. Three of the 13 children had no detectable OP pesticides in either of their diet samples, and 14 of the 26 duplicate diets did not contain detectable levels of OP pesticides. Sixteen individual food category samples contained detectable levels of at least one OP pesticide and two of these samples contained detectable levels of two OP pesticides. Of the 15 targeted pesticides, 6 were detected: azinphosmethyl, chlorpyrifos, malathion, methidathion, methyl parathion, and phosmet. Azinphosmethyl was detected most frequently (10% of all samples), particularly in samples containing apples or apple juice. The fresh fruits and vegetable category had the most frequent pesticide determinations, followed by beverages. OP pesticides were not present at detectable levels in any of the dairy samples. Malathion was the only OP pesticide detected in processed food samples, appearing in 4 of the 26 samples (15%). No detections were above the legal tolerances for residues on produce, however the acute population-adjusted reference dose (aPAD) for chlorpyrifos exposure of 1.7 mug/kg/day was exceeded by one subject during one sampling event. This subject's cumulative daily dose of chlorpyrifos equivalents was estimated to be 2.5 mug/kg/day.