Control of oocyte meiotic maturation and fertilization.
Control of oocyte meiotic maturation and fertilization.
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DOI：
10.1895/wormbook.1.53.1
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发表时间：
2005-12-28
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Greenstein, David
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Greenstein, David
有性生殖依赖于减数分裂产生单倍体配子核，受精后结合形成二倍体合子。大多数动物的卵母细胞在减数分裂前期停止，并在一个称为减数分裂成熟的过程中响应细胞间信号完成减数分裂。卵母细胞减数分裂成熟是由终变期到减数分裂I中期之间的过渡，伴随着核膜破裂、皮质细胞骨架重排和减数分裂纺锤体组装。因此，减数分裂成熟过程对减数分裂是必不可少的，并为受精做好准备。在线虫中，减数分裂成熟、排卵和受精的过程是暂时耦合的：精子利用主要的精子蛋白作为激素来触发卵母细胞的减数分裂成熟，反过来，成熟的卵母细胞发出自己排卵的信号，从而促进受精。本章重点介绍了在理解受精所需的减数分裂成熟、信号和配子相互作用方面的最新进展。
Sexual reproduction depends upon meiosis for the generation of haploid gamete nuclei, which unite after fertilization to form the diploid zygote. The oocytes of most animal species arrest during meiotic prophase, and complete meiosis in response to intercellular signaling in a process called meiotic maturation. Oocyte meiotic maturation is defined by the transition between diakinesis and metaphase of meiosis I and is accompanied by nuclear envelope breakdown, rearrangement of the cortical cytoskeleton, and meiotic spindle assembly. Thus, the meiotic maturation process is essential for meiosis and prepares the oocyte for fertilization. In C. elegans, the processes of meiotic maturation, ovulation, and fertilization are temporally coupled: sperm utilize the major sperm protein as a hormone to trigger oocyte meiotic maturation, and in turn, the maturing oocyte signals its own ovulation thereby facilitating fertilization. This chapter highlights recent advances in understanding meiotic maturation signaling and gametic interactions required for fertilization.