Cross-species transmission of canine distemper virus-an update.
Cross-species transmission of canine distemper virus-an update.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.onehlt.2015.09.002
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发表时间：
2015-12
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Wohlsein P
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Beineke A;Baumgärtner W;Wohlsein P
犬瘟热病毒（CDV）是一种世界性分布的泛嗜性麻疹病毒，可引起犬的致死性疾病。受影响的动物出现呼吸困难、腹泻、神经系统体征和严重的免疫抑制。系统性CDV感染，类似于家犬中的犬瘟热，也可以在野生犬科动物（例如狼、狐狸）、原鼠科动物（例如浣熊、金卡犬）、大熊猫科动物（例如小熊猫）、熊科动物（例如黑熊、大熊猫）、鼬科动物（例如雪貂、水貂）、灵猫科动物（例如果子狸、家猫）、鬣狗科动物（例如斑点鬣狗）和大型猫科动物（例如狮子、老虎）中发现。此外，除了感染密切相关的福辛犬瘟热病毒，海豹可以成为CDV感染。在一些犬瘟热爆发中，包括贝加尔湖和里海海豹以及塞伦盖蒂公园的大型猫科动物的大规模死亡，怀疑包括狗和狼在内的陆生食肉动物是传染媒介。此外，在非食肉动物物种如野猪和非人灵长类动物中已经描述了致死性感染，证明了病原体跨越物种屏障的显著能力。影响CDV H蛋白的突变需要病毒附着到宿主细胞受体与新的宿主物种的毒力和疾病的出现。CDV广泛和不断扩大的宿主范围及其在野生动物宿主中的维持大大阻碍了疾病的根除。
Canine distemper virus (CDV) is a pantropic morbillivirus with a worldwide distribution, which causes fatal disease in dogs. Affected animals develop dyspnea, diarrhea, neurological signs and profound immunosuppression. Systemic CDV infection, resembling distemper in domestic dogs, can be found also in wild canids (e.g. wolves, foxes), procyonids (e.g. raccoons, kinkajous), ailurids (e.g. red pandas), ursids (e.g. black bears, giant pandas), mustelids (e.g. ferrets, minks), viverrids (e.g. civets, genets), hyaenids (e.g. spotted hyenas), and large felids (e.g. lions, tigers). Furthermore, besides infection with the closely related phocine distemper virus, seals can become infected by CDV. In some CDV outbreaks including the mass mortalities among Baikal and Caspian seals and large felids in the Serengeti Park, terrestrial carnivores including dogs and wolves have been suspected as vectors for the infectious agent. In addition, lethal infections have been described in non-carnivore species such as peccaries and non-human primates demonstrating the remarkable ability of the pathogen to cross species barriers. Mutations affecting the CDV H protein required for virus attachment to host-cell receptors are associated with virulence and disease emergence in novel host species. The broad and expanding host range of CDV and its maintenance within wildlife reservoir hosts considerably hampers disease eradication.