Shall I Trust You? From Child-Robot Interaction to Trusting Relationships
Shall I Trust You? From Child-Robot Interaction to Trusting Relationships
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DOI：
10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00469
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发表时间：
2020-04-03
影响因子：
3.8
通讯作者：
Marchetti, Antonella
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Di Dio, Cinzia;Manzi, Federico;Marchetti, Antonella
鉴于机器人代理在社会领域（包括教育和临床）的相关性和存在性日益增加，在人机交互背景下研究信任是非常重要的。我们调查了学龄前儿童和学龄儿童在体内与人类或类人机器人玩耍时获得、失去和恢复信任的情况。信任与依恋关系质量表征、心理理论和执行功能技能之间的关系也被调查。此外，为了勾勒出儿童对机器人心理能力的看法，我们进一步评估了心理状态对交互代理的归因。总的来说，儿童对游戏伙伴的信任在代理（人类或机器人）方面没有实质性差异。然而，3岁的孩子更倾向于相信人类而不是机器人，而7岁的孩子则相反。这些发现与结果一致，结果表明，对于3岁和7岁的孩子来说，认知转换能力分别与人类和机器人的信任恢复显著相关。此外，为了支持之前的研究结果，我们发现了人类和机器人的心理状态归因与儿童行为之间的二分法：尽管在信任游戏中，儿童对机器人的心理状态的归因明显低于人类，但当他们与人类和机器人相关时，他们的行为方式相似。总之，这项研究的结果强调，当孩子们与人类和机器人伙伴建立一种新的信任关系时，类似的心理机制在起作用。此外，研究结果揭示了在发展过程中，儿童依恋关系的质量与心理理论的发展之间的相互作用，这对信任动态的影响是不同的，作为儿童年龄的函数，以及互动伙伴的性质（人类与机器人）。
Studying trust in the context of human-robot interaction is of great importance given the increasing relevance and presence of robotic agents in the social sphere, including educational and clinical. We investigated the acquisition, loss, and restoration of trust when preschool and school-age children played with either a human or a humanoid robot in vivo. The relationship between trust and the representation of the quality of attachment relationships, Theory of Mind, and executive function skills was also investigated. Additionally, to outline children's beliefs about the mental competencies of the robot, we further evaluated the attribution of mental states to the interactive agent. In general, no substantial differences were found in children's trust in the play partner as a function of agency (human or robot). Nevertheless, 3-year-olds showed a trend toward trusting the human more than the robot, as opposed to 7-year-olds, who displayed the reverse pattern. These findings align with results showing that, for 3- and 7-year-olds, the cognitive ability to switch was significantly associated with trust restoration in the human and the robot, respectively. Additionally, supporting previous findings, we found a dichotomy between attributions of mental states to the human and robot and children's behavior: while attributing to the robot significantly lower mental states than the human, in the Trusting Game, children behaved in a similar way when they related to the human and the robot. Altogether, the results of this study highlight that similar psychological mechanisms are at play when children are to establish a novel trustful relationship with a human and robot partner. Furthermore, the findings shed light on the interplay - during development - between children's quality of attachment relationships and the development of a Theory of Mind, which act differently on trust dynamics as a function of the children's age as well as the interactive partner's nature (human vs. robot).