Light interception and partitioning between shoots in apple cultivars influenced by training.
Light interception and partitioning between shoots in apple cultivars influenced by training.
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DOI：
10.1093/treephys/28.3.331
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发表时间：
2008-03
期刊：
影响因子：
4
通讯作者：
J. Stephan;H. Sinoquet;N. Donès;Nicolas Haddad;S. Talhouk;P. Lauri
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
J. Stephan;H. Sinoquet;N. Donès;Nicolas Haddad;S. Talhouk;P. Lauri
以3个结构对比鲜明的苹果品种为研究对象，分析了两种训练体系（带分支修剪的中央导枝训练和只去除果实侧边的离心训练）对冠层结构和截光能力的影响。“金冠”（第三类）；“史密斯奶奶”（第四类）。在2004年和2005年的收获中，树木被3d数字化。芽根据长度（短与长）和类型（结果与营养）分开。叶面积密度（LAD）及其相对方差（xi）、总叶面积（TLA）和冠积(V)在不同品种间变化一致。与其他冠层开阔的品种相比，‘鲜刺’的LAD和xi较高，TLA和V较低。在全树尺度上，训练对结构和光拦截参数（廓形与总面积比STAR，投影叶面积PLA）没有影响。在射击尺度上，与中央领导相比，离心训练提高了STAR值。在两种培养体系中，营养芽的STAR值均高于结果芽。离心培养树营养枝和结果枝的TLA和PLA基本一致，而中央领导树营养枝的TLA和PLA高于结果枝。这种叶面积分布和日照截留的不平衡，部分原因是由潜伏芽发育而来的营养长芽比例较高。这些枝条发育在冠层内遮荫区，因此具有较低的STAR和PLA。综上所述，训练可以极大地影响芽的发育和空间定位，从而显著影响子芽的截光能力。
The effect of two training systems (Central Leader with branch pruning versus Centrifugal Training with minimal pruning, i.e., removal of fruiting laterals only) on canopy structure and light interception was analyzed in three architecturally contrasting apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) cultivars: 'Scarletspur Delicious' (Type II); 'Golden Delicious' (Type III); and 'Granny Smith' (Type IV). Trees were 3D-digitized at the shoot scale at the 2004 and 2005 harvests. Shoots were separated according to length (short versus long) and type (fruiting versus vegetative). Leaf area density (LAD) and its relative variance (xi), total leaf area (TLA) and crown volume (V) varied consistently with cultivar. 'Scarletspur Delicious' had higher LAD and xi and lower TLA and V compared with the other cultivars with more open canopies. At the whole-tree scale, training had no effect on structure and light interception parameters (silhouette to total area ratio, STAR; projected leaf area, PLA). At the shoot scale, Centrifugal Training increased STAR values compared with Central Leader. In both training systems, vegetative shoots had higher STAR values than fruiting shoots. However, vegetative and fruiting shoots had similar TLA and PLA in Centrifugal Trained trees, whereas vegetative shoots had higher TLA and PLA than fruiting shoots in Central Leader trees. This unbalanced distribution of leaf area and light interception between shoot types in Central Leader trees partly resulted from the high proportion of long vegetative shoots that developed from latent buds. These shoots developed in the interior shaded zone of the canopy and therefore had low STAR and PLA. In conclusion, training may greatly affect the development and spatial positioning of shoots, which in turn significantly affects light interception by fruiting shoots.