Fortification contributed greatly to vitamin and mineral intakes in the United States, 1989-1991
Fortification contributed greatly to vitamin and mineral intakes in the United States, 1989-1991
复制标题
DOI：
10.1093/jn/131.8.2177
复制
发表时间：
2001-08-01
影响因子：
4.2
通讯作者：
Douglass, JS
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Berner, LA;Clydesdale, FM;Douglass, JS
这项工作的目的是量化强化（这里定义为添加超过传统富集标准的营养素）对美国膳食营养素摄入量的贡献。制定了一份与分析时相关的强化食品清单，并根据行业提供的数据确定强化食品中的强化前（天然存在的）营养素。使用1989-1991年个人食物摄入量持续调查（CSFII）的膳食数据，确定了9种营养素的摄入量，这两种营养素都是CSFII报告的（即，强化后），也通过使用强化前的营养水平为确定的强化食品。我们报告了年龄大于或等于1岁的总人口的数据，这些数据是基于具有3天饮食数据的受访者（n = 11，710）以及选定的年龄/性别亚组。对所有数据进行加权。在所有年龄/性别组中，特别是在儿童中，强化显著增加了除钙外所有营养素的摄入量。在许多情况下，强化是负责提高中位数或第25百分位摄入量从低于RDA以上。早餐谷物类几乎占了强化食品中所有营养素的摄入量，除了维生素C，果汁类饮料的贡献同样大或更大。这些数据从1989年至1991年作为一个有用的基线，比较的贡献，强化的做法扩大。即使在1989-1991年，强化的贡献也很大，这表明，使用本文介绍的方法继续监测强化做法是重要的。
The objective of this work was to quantify the contribution of fortification (defined here as adding nutrients beyond traditional enrichment standards) to dietary nutrient intakes in the United States. A list of fortified foods was developed that was relevant at the time of the analyses, and prefortification (naturally occurring) nutrients in the fortified foods were determined from industry-supplied data. Using dietary data from the 1989-1991 Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals (CSFII), intakes of nine nutrients were determined both as reported in the CSFII (i.e., postfortification) and also by using prefortification nutrient levels for the identified fortified foods. We report data for the total population age greater than or equal to1 y based on respondents (n = 11,710) with 3 d of dietary data, as well as select age/gender subgroups. All data were weighted. Fortification substantially increased the intakes of all nutrients examined except calcium, in all age/gender groups but especially in children. In numerous cases, fortification was responsible for boosting median or 25th percentile intakes from below to above the RDA. The breakfast cereal category was responsible for nearly all the intake of nutrients from fortified foods, except vitamin C for which juice-type beverages made as great or a greater contribution. These data from 1989 to 1991 serve as a useful baseline with which to compare contributions of fortification as the practice expands. The large contribution of fortification even in 1989-1991 suggests that continued monitoring of fortification practices, using methods such as those presented here, is important.