Aggressive and defensive roles for chitinases.
Aggressive and defensive roles for chitinases.
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DOI：
10.1007/978-3-0348-8757-1_11
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发表时间：
1999
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Gooday Gw
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Gooday Gw
几丁质酶是由多种病原微生物、寄生微生物和无脊椎动物在攻击含有甲壳素的生物体时产生的。讨论的例子包括昆虫和藻类病毒的酶、酵母杀手毒素质粒的酶、真菌和昆虫的细菌和真菌病原体的酶以及寄生原生动物的酶。这些几丁质酶在真菌细胞壁、外骨骼和节肢动物围食膜的穿透中发挥作用。一些无脊椎动物捕食者的萨利瓦具有几丁质分解活性，这可能与它们对猎物的攻击有关。几丁质酶在所有植物抵御真菌侵袭中发挥着重要的防御作用，或许也在抵御害虫的侵袭中发挥着重要的作用。植物几丁质酶是由两个糖基水解酶家族组成的一个非常庞大和多样化的酶集合。至少一些脊椎动物，包括鱼和人类，也可以利用几丁质酶来防御病原真菌和一些寄生虫。
Chitinases are produced by a wide variety of pathogenic and parasitic microbes and invertebrates during their attack on chitin-containing organisms. Examples discussed include enzymes of insect and algal viruses, of yeast killer toxin plasmids, of bacterial and fungal pathogens of fungi and insects, and of parasitic protozoa. These chitinases play roles in penetration of fungal cell walls, and of exoskeletons and peritrophic membranes of arthropods. Salivas of some invertebrate predators have chitinolytic activity which may be involved in their attack on their prey. Chitinases play a major defensive role in all plants against attack by fungi, and perhaps also against attack by insect pests. The plant chitinases form a very large and diverse assemblage of enzymes from two families of glycosyl hydrolases. At least some vertebrates, including fish and humans, also may utilise chitinases in their defence against pathogenic fungi and some parasites.