Approaches to affix order
Approaches to affix order
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附加订单的方法
DOI：
10.1515/ling.1986.24.3.629
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发表时间：
1986
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影响因子：
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通讯作者：
P. Muysken
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作者：
P. Muysken
本文试图综述一些最近的词缀顺序研究方法，比较其实证预测的范围，并用克丘亚语后缀的数据来说明这些方法。特别是一种方法，就固定槽的矩阵而言，在经验和理论基础上都受到批评，并且试探性地探索了这种方法的各种替代方法。在过去的20年里，我们对复杂句子结构的知识有了惊人的增长，但对复杂单词结构的知识却几乎停滞不前。我们认为，造成这种情况的主要原因是一种历史偶然：受到集中语言审查的语言不具备所涉及的复杂词形的类型。与此同时，在印欧语言的句法方面取得了如此令人印象深刻的进展，而在它们的词形方面却进展甚微（词形似乎是一个充满例外和特质的有限系统），以至于从理论的角度来看，生成传统中的词形被认为是本质上无趣的东西。考虑到所涉及系统的复杂性，后一种观点几乎肯定会被证明是错误的。从语素研究传统的欧洲中心主义到目前为止，还有三个因素阻碍了对复杂词结构的研究：缺乏有效的研究方法、缺乏可靠的数据和概念上的混乱。为了说明词序研究缺乏规律性的问题，我们可以指出词序研究中存在的类似问题。在句法模型中，词序基本上是通过短语结构规则来表示的。列出字符串中元素的顺序，而不是将其放入规则中，对您对顺序本身的理解没有任何帮助。直到20世纪70年代末，人们才开始尝试将词序模式分解为许多不同的模块——X理论，语言学的方向性24 (1986),629-643 0024-3949/86/0024-0629 $2.00 (c) Mouton de Gruyter
This article is an attempt to survey a number o f recent approaches to affix order, compare the scope o f their empirical predictions, and illustrate them with data from Quechua suffixation. One approach in particular, in terms o f a matrix o f f ixed slots, is criticized on both empirical and theoretical grounds, and various alternatives to this approach are tentatively explored. The last 20 years have shown a dram atic increase in ou r knowledge o f the s tructure o f complex sentences, but a virtual standstill in our knowledge o f the s tructure o f complex words. The main reason for this, we feel, is a historical accident: the languages subject to concentra ted linguistic scru tiny do not possess the type o f complex m orphology involved. At the same time, such impressive headway was m ade with respect to the syntax o f the Indo -E uropean languages, and so little with respect to their m orphology (which appeared to be a finite system full o f exceptions and idiosyncracies), tha t m orphology within the generative tradition came to be regarded as something essentially uninteresting, from a theoretical point o f view. Given the complexity o f the systems involved, the latter view will a lmost certainly turn out to be a mistake. A p a r t from the Eurocentricity o f the m orphological research tradit ion up to now, three o ther factors have held back research on the s tructure o f complex words: the absence o f m odu la r approaches, the lack o f reliable da ta , and conceptual confusion. T o illustrate the problem o f the lack o f m odulari ty o f affix-order studies, we can poin t to similar problems in the study o f word order. In syntactic models w ord o rder is accounted for essentially through phrases tructure rules. Listing the order o f elements in a string th rough pos tu la t ing it in a rule adds noth ing to ou r unders tanding o f the order itself. Only since, in the late 1970s, an a t tem pt was m ade to decompose w ord-order patterns into a num ber o f different modules — X theory, directionality o f Linguistics 24 (1986), 629-643 0024-3949/86/0024-0629 $2.00 (c) Mouton de Gruyter