Why should an immune response activate the stress response? Insights from the insects (the cricket Gryllus texensis)
Why should an immune response activate the stress response? Insights from the insects (the cricket Gryllus texensis)
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DOI：
10.1016/j.bbi.2009.08.003
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发表时间：
2010-02-01
影响因子：
15.1
通讯作者：
Adamo, S. A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Adamo, S. A.
应激反应的介质（如糖皮质激素和去甲肾上腺素）可具有免疫抑制作用。然而，免疫挑战导致脊椎动物释放这些化合物。为了解决这个矛盾，有人认为压力激素有助于恢复免疫平衡，防止自我伤害。一个比较的方法可以提供额外的假设，为什么免疫挑战诱导应激激素/神经激素的释放。章鱼胺是蟋蟀Gryllus texensis应激反应的一种神经激素介质，在免疫挑战期间血淋巴中的浓度增加。因此，应激激素的释放在免疫反应过程中发生在动物跨门。章鱼胺诱导血淋巴中脂质浓度的增加。急性应激（飞行或跑步）后，血淋巴中的血细胞总数增加。注射章鱼胺也有同样的效果，这表明它可能增强血细胞依赖的免疫功能。另一方面，章鱼胺在体外降低了溶菌酶样活性，表明它抑制了某些免疫功能。然而，溶菌酶样活性通过体外热杀灭细菌的存在而增加，并且这种增加被章鱼胺的存在显著增强。因此，章鱼胺对免疫功能的影响取决于病原体的存在。应激激素可能有助于根据生理环境将免疫功能转变为最佳配置。(C) 2009爱思唯尔公司版权所有。
Mediators of the stress response (e.g. glucocorticoids and norepinephrine) can be immunosuppressive. Nevertheless, immune challenge leads to the release of these compounds in vertebrates. To resolve this paradox, it has been suggested that stress hormones help restore immune homeostasis, preventing self-damage. A comparative approach may provide additional hypotheses as to why an immune challenge induces the release of stress hormones/neurohormones. Octopamine, a neurohormonal mediator of the stress response in the cricket Gryllus texensis, increased in concentration in the hemolymph during an immune challenge. Therefore, the release of stress hormones during an immune response occurs in animals across phyla. Octopamine induced an increase in lipid concentration in the hemolymph. After an acute stress (flying or running) the total number of hemocytes in the hemolymph increased. Injections of octopamine had the same effect, suggesting that it may enhance hemocyte-dependent immune functions. On the other hand, octopamine decreased lysozyme-like activity in vitro, suggesting that it inhibits some immune functions. However, lysozyme-like activity was increased by the presence of heat-killed bacteria in vitro and this increase was significantly augmented by the presence of octopamine. Therefore, the effect of octopamine on immune function differed depending on the presence of pathogens. Stress hormones may help shift immune function into the most optimal configuration depending on the physiological context. (C) 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.