THEORETICAL PROPOSITIONS OF LIFE-SPAN DEVELOPMENTAL-PSYCHOLOGY - ON THE DYNAMICS BETWEEN GROWTH AND DECLINE
THEORETICAL PROPOSITIONS OF LIFE-SPAN DEVELOPMENTAL-PSYCHOLOGY - ON THE DYNAMICS BETWEEN GROWTH AND DECLINE
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DOI：
10.1037/0012-1649.23.5.611
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发表时间：
1987-09-01
影响因子：
4
通讯作者：
BALTES, PB
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
BALTES, PB
终身发展心理学涉及对整个生命过程中行为的恒定性和变化的研究。寿命研究的一个方面是对发展本质提出了一种更普遍的元理论观点。与这种生命周期发展心理学的元理论观点相关的一系列理论观点包括对个体发生变化的多向性的认识、对与年龄相关和不相关的发展因素的考虑、对增长（增益）和衰退（损失）之间动态和持续的相互作用的关注、对历史嵌入和其他结构性背景因素的强调，以及对发展中可塑性范围的研究。与终生发展心理学相关的一系列观点在智力发展领域的应用得到了说明。最近出现的两种关于信仰家族的观点受到了特别关注。第一个命题是方法论的，它表明可以通过称为测试极限的研究策略来最好地研究可塑性。第二个命题是理论上的，它提出任何发展变化都包括适应能力的增益（增长）和损失（下降）的共同发生。为了评估发展带来的积极（收益）和消极（损失）后果的模式，有必要了解个体和环境在终生适应过程中提出的标准要求。
Life-span developmental psychology involves the study of constancy and change in behavior throughout the life course. One aspect of life-span research has been the advancement of a more general, metatheoretical view on the nature of development. The family of theoretical perspectives associated with this metatheoretical view of life-span developmental psychology includes the recognition of multidirectionality in ontogenetic change, consideration of both age-connected and disconnected developmental factors, a focus on the dynamic and continuous interplay between growth (gain) and decline (loss), emphasis on historical embeddedness and other structural contextual factors, and the study of the range of plasticity in development. Application of the family of perspectives associated with life-span developmental psychology is illustrated for the domain of intellectual development. Two recently emerging perspectives of the family of beliefs are given particular attention. The first proposition is methodological and suggests that plasticity can best be studied with a research strategy called testing-the-limits. The second proposition is theoretical and proffers that any developmental change includes the joint occurrence of gain (growth) and loss (decline) in adaptive capacity. To assess the pattern of positive (gains) and negative (losses) consequences resulting from development, it is necessary to know the criterion demands posed by the individual and the environment during the lifelong process of adaptation.