The changing dynamics of highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1: Next steps for management & science in North America
The changing dynamics of highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1: Next steps for management & science in North America
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DOI：
10.1016/j.biocon.2023.110041
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发表时间：
2023-04-28
影响因子：
5.9
通讯作者：
Prosser, Diann J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Harvey, Johanna A.;Mullinax, Jennifer M.;Prosser, Diann J.
高致病性禽流感病毒 (HPAIV) H5N1 于 2021 年底通过候鸟跨大西洋途径传入北美。这些引入导致了前所未有的动物流行病，这是一种在动物中广泛传播的疾病事件，严重影响了家禽、野生鸟类和最近的哺乳动物。北美入侵发生在欧洲最大的流行季节（2021-2022 年），此时 H5N1 可能呈地方性流行（即持续存在）。持续的疫情包括从 2022 年底开始扩展到墨西哥、中美洲和南美洲。在此，我们概述了起源于欧亚的 H5N1 病毒传入美洲的情况，包括病毒动态的显着变化和野生鸟类的严重疾病。然后，为了调查不同时间和地理区域野生鸟类和家禽确诊检测的全球变化，我们分析了粮农组织的 EMPRES-i+ 数据库。为了研究 2021 年在北美野生鸟类和家禽中的引入和传播，我们整理了美国和加拿大联邦来源的公开数据。根据我们的评估，北美 H5N1 传播的独特程度表明需要制定有效的决策框架，优先考虑管理需求和科学调查，特别是对于面临风险的物种以及野生动物、家禽和人类的接触区域。我们阐述了这一“同一个健康”问题对野生动物、农业和潜在人类健康所产生的迅速发生且可能日益增加的有害影响，并且我们针对决策分析背景重新构建了 HPAIV 疾病应对措施，以指导科学优先顺序作为潜在有价值的焦点变化。
Highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV) H5N1 was introduced in North America in late 2021 through trans-Atlantic pathways via migratory birds. These introductions have resulted in an unprecedented epizootic, a widespread disease event in animals, heavily affecting poultry, wild birds, and recently mammals. The North American incursions occurred during the largest epidemic season (2021-2022) in Europe where H5N1 may now be endemic (i.e., continuously present). The continuing outbreak includes expansion into Mexico, Central and South America beginning in late 2022. Here, we provide an overview of the Eurasian origin H5N1 introduction to the Americas, including a significant shift in virus dynamics and severe disease in wild birds. Then, to investigate the global changes in confirmed detections in wild birds and poultry across time and geographic regions, we analyzed FAO's EMPRES-i + database. To examine the 2021 introduction and spread in North American wild birds and poultry, we collated publicly available data across USA and Canadian federal sources. Based on our assessment, the unique magnitude of the North American H5N1 spread indicates the need for effective decision framing to prioritize management needs and scientific inquiry, particularly for species at risk and interface areas for wildlife, poultry, and humans. We illustrate the rapidly occurring and likely increasing detrimental effects that this One Health issue has on wildlife, agriculture, and potentially human health, and we offer a reframing of HPAIV disease response towards a decision analytical context to guide scientific prioritization as a potentially valuable change in focus.