A SURVEY OF THE ACOUSTIC OUTPUT OF COMMERCIAL EXTRACORPOREAL SHOCK-WAVE LITHOTRIPTERS
A SURVEY OF THE ACOUSTIC OUTPUT OF COMMERCIAL EXTRACORPOREAL SHOCK-WAVE LITHOTRIPTERS
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DOI：
10.1016/0301-5629(89)90066-5
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发表时间：
1989-01-01
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
SAUNDERS, JE
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
COLEMAN, AJ;SAUNDERS, JE
本文对不同商用体外冲击波碎石机产生的压力和强度进行了调查。调查中包括的碎石机有多尼尔HM3型碎石机、Wolf Piezolit2200和23000碎石机、Sienmens Letostar碎石机、Technology Sonolits2000和3000型碎石机以及EDAPLT-01碎石机。用聚偏二氟乙烯(PVDF)膜水听器在水中进行了测量。来自ESWL设备的聚焦脉冲的一个完整周期的过零频率在0.1到1 MHz的范围内。测量了正负压分别高达114 Mpa和10 Mpa的空间峰值和时间峰值，在最大输出条件下，正压半周期上升时间小于30 ns。碎石机的平均空间峰值时间平均强度为5.0倍。102W m-2，脉冲重复频率为1赫兹。空间峰值脉冲平均强度变化范围为6.6倍。107到1.24倍。109W m-2。在碎石机的最大输出设置下的单个脉冲(在焦点处)中估计的声能从2.0倍变化。10-3J至约9.0倍。10-2J。不同碎石机的焦面射束面积变化为100倍，射束入口处皮肤位置的时间峰值压力变化为30倍。讨论了与水听器损坏有关的测量问题和高压水听器校准中的不确定度，给出了空间峰值时间峰值时间峰值正压绝对测量的总不确定度估计为.+-。36%。
A survey of the pressures and intensities generated by different commercial extracorporeal shock wave (ESWL) lithotripters is reported. The lithotripters included in the survey are the Dornier HM3, Wolf Piezolith 2200 and 23000, Sienmens Lithostar, Technomed Sonolith 2000 and 3000, and EDAP LT-01. Measurements were made using a polyvinylidene difluoride (PVdF) membrane hydrophone in water. The zero crossing frequency of one complete cycle of the focused pulse from ESWL equipment is in the range 0.1 to 1 MHz. Spatial-peak temporal-peak positive and negative pressures up to 114 MPa and 10 MPa, respectively, have been measured and the rise times of the positive pressure half cycle at maximum output settings are 30 ns or less. The mean spatial-peak temporal-average intensity of the lithotripters is 5.0 .times. 102 W m-2 when operated at a pulse repetition frequency of 1 Hz. The spatial-peak pulse-average intensity ranges from 6.6 .times. 107 to 1.24 .times. 109 W m-2. The estimated acoustic energy in a single pulse (at the focus) at the maximum output setting of the lithotripters varies from 2.0 .times. 10-3 J to about 9.0 .times. 10-2J. The beam area in the focal plane varies by a factor of 100 on different lithotripters and the temporal-peak pressure at the position of the skin at the entry point of the beam by a factor of 30. Measurement problems associated with hydrophone damage and the uncertainties in the hydrophone calibration at high pressures are discussed and an estiamte of the total uncertainty in the absolute measurements of the spatial-peak temporal-peak temporal-peak positive pressure is given as .+-. 36%.