Carnivory maintains cranial dimorphism between males and females: Evidence for niche divergence in extant Musteloidea

Carnivory maintains cranial dimorphism between males and females: Evidence for niche divergence in extant Musteloidea
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食肉动物维持雄性和雌性之间的颅骨二态性:现存鼬总科生态位差异的证据

DOI:
10.1111/evo.13514
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发表时间:
2018
期刊:
影响因子:
3.3
通讯作者:
Mehta, Rita S.
Mehta, Rita S.
中科院分区:
环境科学与生态学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Law, Chris J.;Mehta, Rita S.

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两性异形的进化和维持长期以来被归因于性选择。然而,生态位分歧,作为一种替代,但很少测试选择压力也假设驱动男性和女性之间的表型差异。我们重建了祖先的社会系统和饮食,并使用Ornstein-Uhlenbeck(OH-Uhlenbeck)建模方法来测试生态位分歧是否比性选择更强,以推动现存的鼬类在颅骨大小和咬合力方面的性二型性进化。我们发现,多峰模型有利于不同的饮食制度的社会行为和最大程度的颅大小和咬合力的二型性被发现在陆地食肉动物。由于陆生脊椎动物的猎物竞争比其他饮食群体更大,增加颅骨大小和咬合力二型性减少了两性之间的饮食竞争。与此相反,无论是饮食制度,也没有社会制度的影响性别二型性的头骨形状的演变。此外,我们还发现咬合力的性别二型性的进化受颅骨大小的性别二型性的进化而不是颅骨形状的影响。总的来说,我们的研究结果强调生态位分歧作为一个重要的机制,保持在鼬类的性二型性的演变。
The evolution and maintenance of sexual dimorphism has long been attributed to sexual selection. Niche divergence, however, serves as an alternative but rarely tested selective pressure also hypothesized to drive phenotypic disparity between males and females. We reconstructed ancestral social systems and diet and used Ornstein–Uhlenbeck (OU) modeling approaches to test whether niche divergence is stronger than sexual selection in driving the evolution of sexual dimorphism in cranial size and bite force across extant Musteloidea. We found that multipeak OU models favored different dietary regimes over social behavior and that the greatest degree of cranial size and bite force dimorphism were found in terrestrial carnivores. Because competition for terrestrial vertebrate prey is greater than other dietary groups, increased cranial size and bite force dimorphism reduces dietary competition between the sexes. In contrast, neither dietary regime nor social system influenced the evolution of sexual dimorphism in cranial shape. Furthermore, we found that the evolution of sexual dimorphism in bite force is influenced by the evolution of sexual dimorphism in cranial size rather than cranial shape. Overall, our results highlight niche divergence as an important mechanism that maintains the evolution of sexual dimorphism in musteloids.
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