Biochemical functions of coenzyme Q10
Biochemical functions of coenzyme Q10
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DOI：
10.1080/07315724.2001.10719063
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发表时间：
2001-12-01
影响因子：
3.5
通讯作者：
Crane, FL
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Crane, FL
辅酶 Q 被明确定义为线粒体氧化磷酸化过程的重要组成部分，该过程将碳水化合物和脂肪酸中的能量转化为 ATP，以驱动细胞机器和合成。辅酶 Q 在其他细胞功能中的新作用才刚刚被认识到。新的方面是基于辅酶 Q 可以在其他细胞膜（例如溶酶体、高尔基体或质膜）中进行氧化/还原反应的认识而发展起来的。在线粒体和溶酶体中，辅酶 Q 经历还原/氧化循环，在此期间它将质子跨膜转移以形成质子梯度。所有膜中高浓度对苯二酚的存在为抗氧化作用提供了基础，无论是通过与自由基的直接反应还是通过生育酚和抗坏血酸的再生。通过对辅酶 Q 刺激细胞生长、抑制细胞凋亡、控制硫醇基团、形成过氧化氢和控制膜通道的研究，正在开发关于细胞信号传导和基因表达的氧化还原控制功能的证据。辅酶 Q 缺乏的描述是由于基因突变引起的生物合成失败、HMG coA 还原酶抑制剂（他汀类药物）生物合成的抑制或衰老和癌症中未知原因造成的。纠正缺乏症需要补充比饮食中更高水平的辅酶 Q。
Coenzyme Q is well defined as a crucial component of the oxidative phosphorylation process in mitochondria which converts the energy in carbohydrates and fatty acids into ATP to drive cellular machinery and synthesis. New roles for coenzyme Q in other cellular functions are only becoming recognized. The new aspects have developed from the recognition that coenzyme Q can undergo oxidation/reduction reactions in other cell membranes such as lysosomes, Golgi or plasma membranes. In mitochondria and lysosomes, coenzyme Q undergoes reduction/oxidation cycles during which it transfers protons across the membrane to form a proton gradient. The presence of high concentrations of quinol in all membranes provides a basis for antioxidant action either by direct reaction with radicals or by regeneration of tocopherol and ascorbate. Evidence for a function in redox control of cell signaling and gene expression is developing from studies on coenzyme Q stimulation of cell growth, inhibition of apoptosis, control of thiol groups, formation of hydrogen peroxide and control of membrane channels. Deficiency of coenzyme Q has been described based on failure of biosynthesis caused by gene mutation, inhibition of biosynthesis by HMG coA reductase inhibitors (statins) or for unknown reasons in ageing and cancer. Correction of deficiency requires supplementation with higher levels of coenzyme Q than are available in the diet.