Integrating advances in population and evolutionary ecology with conservation strategy through long-term studies of red-billed choughs.
Integrating advances in population and evolutionary ecology with conservation strategy through long-term studies of red-billed choughs.
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通过对红嘴山鸦的长期研究，将种群和进化生态学的进展与保护策略相结合。
DOI：
10.1111/1365-2656.13615
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发表时间：
2022
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Reid JM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Reid JM
种群和进化生态学在概念和方法上的进步往往是为了帮助识别人口、生态和遗传对种群增长率(λ)的限制，并最终促进基于证据的保护。然而，这些进展往往与保护实践脱钩，阻碍了科学认识转化为有效保护，阻碍了保护动机的研究转化为更广泛的概念理解。我们总结了对保护关注的红嘴鸟种群的长期研究的关键结果，在这些研究中，我们积极地旨在实现促进种群和进化生态学以及推进有效保护的双重和相互作用的目标。从基于个体的人口统计数据中估计关键死亡率的均值、方差和协方差，确定亚成体生存中的时间和空间差异是影响λ的关键因素，同时提供了关于死亡率如何随人口结构的函数变化的新见解，出生条件和父母的生活史。有针对性的分析表明，第一年的存活率随着猎物的丰富而增加，这意味着食物限制可能会限制λ。然后，第一年的存活率急剧下降，威胁到种群的生存能力，并促使紧急补充喂养干预。详细的评估表明，干预措施成功地提高了某些年份的第一年存活率，并增加了成虫存活率和成功繁殖，从而为干预措施的改进和对λ复杂生态约束的理解提供了反馈。遗传分析揭示了致命隐性等位基因表达的新证据，并证明了如何产生临界小的有效种群规模，从而增加近亲交配和遗传变异的损失。用所有现有的人口和遗传数据进行的种群生存分析显示了生态和遗传约束如何相互作用来限制种群的生存能力，并确定生态管理优先于遗传管理，以确保重点种群的短期持久性。这一案例研究展示了初级科学、基于证据的干预、定量评估和反馈的完整迭代，这在保护科学中是提倡的，但仍然很少实现。因此，它说明了纯科学如何推进知情的保护行动，以确保目标人口的(短期)稳定，以及以保护为动机的分析如何反馈，以促进对人口过程的基本理解。
Conceptual and methodological advances in population and evolutionary ecology are often pursued with the ambition that they will help identify demographic, ecological and genetic constraints on population growth rate (λ), and ultimately facilitate evidence‐based conservation. However, such advances are often decoupled from conservation practice, impeding translation of scientific understanding into effective conservation and of conservation‐motivated research into wider conceptual understanding.We summarise key outcomes from long‐term studies of a red‐billed choughPyrrhocorax pyrrhocoraxpopulation of conservation concern, where we proactively aimed to achieve the dual and interacting objectives of advancing population and evolutionary ecology and advancing effective conservation.Estimation of means, variances and covariances in key vital rates from individual‐based demographic data identified temporal and spatial variation in subadult survival as key constraints onλ, and simultaneously provided new insights into how vital rates can vary as functions of demographic structure, natal conditions and parental life history.Targeted analyses showed that first‐year survival increased with prey abundance, implying that food limitation may constrainλ. First‐year survival then decreased dramatically, threatening population viability and prompting emergency supplementary feeding interventions. Detailed evaluations suggested that the interventions successfully increased first‐year survival in some years and additionally increased adult survival and successful reproduction, thereby feeding back to inform intervention refinements and understanding of complex ecological constraints onλ.Genetic analyses revealed novel evidence of expression of a lethal recessive allele, and demonstrated how critically small effective population size can arise, thereby increasing inbreeding and loss of genetic variation. Population viability analyses parameterised with all available demographic and genetic data showed how ecological and genetic constraints can interact to limit population viability, and identified ecological management as of primacy over genetic management to ensure short‐term persistence of the focal population.This case study demonstrates a full iteration through the sequence of primary science, evidence‐based intervention, quantitative evaluation and feedback that is advocated in conservation science but still infrequently achieved. It thereby illustrates how pure science advances informed conservation actions to ensure the (short‐term) stability of the target population, and how conservation‐motivated analyses fed back to advance fundamental understanding of population processes.
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影响因子：
3.3
作者：
Engen, S;Lande, R;Saether, BE
通讯作者：
Saether, BE
DOI：
10.1525/om.2013.78.1.1
发表时间：
2013-01-01
期刊：
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影响因子：
--
作者：
Maness, Terri J.;Anderson, David J.
通讯作者：
Anderson, David J.
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作者：
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影响因子：
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作者：
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影响因子：
0.7
作者：
F. MacGillivray;G. Gilbert;C. McKay
通讯作者：
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