REOVIRUSES IN ANIMALS OTHER THAN MAN
REOVIRUSES IN ANIMALS OTHER THAN MAN
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1749-6632.1962.tb18886.x
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发表时间：
1962-01-01
影响因子：
5.2
通讯作者：
ROSEN, L
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
ROSEN, L
呼肠孤病毒在比较病毒学中具有特殊的意义，因为除某些可能的例外情况外，从低等动物身上回收的毒株与从人类身上回收的毒株没有什么区别。此外，这些病毒感染了如此多的野生和家养哺乳动物，以至于人们对它们的自然历史不仅仅是常规的好奇。表1显示了从动物中恢复呼肠孤病毒的种类和分离的血清型。除了表中列出的物种外，在豚鼠、兔子、猫、狗、猪、马和新大陆的几个属的猴子中也检测到了血凝抑制(HI)“抗体”。“由于在每个物种的测试血清中都发现了这些抗体，但不是全部；而且由于同一物种的个别血清通常对不同的血清型有抗体；这些抗体很可能反映了实际感染呼肠孤病毒。所有可用的数据表明，呼肠孤病毒在动物和人类中一样，在地理分布上无处不在。因此，在南太平洋相对与世隔绝的岛屿上的牛身上发现了抗体，在巴拿马森林中捕获的猴子的血清中也发现了抗体。人类和动物来源的呼肠孤病毒之间的相似性是在实验室动物制备的抗血清的血清学测试中首次发现的。随着更多种类的数据的出现，这些关系已经得到证实。据研究，动物和人类的菌株产生相同类型的细胞病变效应，在相同种类的组织培养中复制，凝集相同种类的红细胞，并在它们的自然宿主中产生相似的抗原反应。作为后者的一个例子，研究发现，自然感染1型呼肠孤病毒的牛通常产生针对2型和3型呼肠孤病毒的异型HI抗体，而自然感染3型呼肠孤病毒的牛只产生同型HI抗体。自然感染的儿童也注意到了同样的血清学反应。此外，牛已经被实验感染了三种人类来源的1型呼肠孤病毒，6和人类志愿者已经被牛来源的1型呼肠孤病毒感染。表2显示了自然感染呼肠孤病毒的儿童和小牛的血清与用不同动物物种的分离株制备的抗原进行检测时发现的抗体效价。从每一名使用血清的儿童和牛犊身上发现了所示类型的呼肠孤病毒。此外，只使用那些与三个人类原型菌株测试时显示基本同型反应的血清对，并且这些血清对没有预先存在的对这些菌株的HI抗体。据了解，除了一头之外，每头小牛都经历了第一次呼肠孤病毒感染。这些孩子都不到4岁。由于幼年动物首次感染某一特定家族的病毒通常表现出最多的
Reoviruses are of special interest in comparative virology because the strains which have been recovered from lower animals are, with certain possible exceptions, indistinguishable from those which have been recovered from man. Moreover, these viruses infect such a variety of wild and domestic mammals that more than routine curiosity is aroused about their natural history. The species of animals from which reoviruses have been recovered and the serotypes isolated are shown in TABLE 1. In addition to the species listed in this table, hemagglutination inhibition (HI)“antibodies” have been detected in guinea pigs, rabbits, cats, dogs, swine, horses, and in several genera of monkeys from the New World.‘Since these antibodies are found in some, but not all, sera tested from each species; and since individual sera from the same species often have antibodies to different serotypes; it is likely that these antibodies reflect actual infection with reoviruses. All available data indicate that reoviruses in animals, as in man, are ubiquitous in geographic distribution. Thus, antibodies have been found in cattle on relatively isolated islands in the South Pacific and also in the sera of monkeys shortly after their capture in the forests of Panama.‘The similarity between reoviruses of human and animal origin was first noted in serological tests with antisera prepared in laboratory animals. 2 These relationships have been confirmed as additional kinds of data have become available. So far as they have been studied, animal and human strains produce the same type of cytopathic effect, replicate in the same varieties of tissue cultures, hemagglutinate the same species of erythrocyte, and give rise to similar antigenic responses in their natural hosts. As an example of the latter point, it was found that cattle with naturally acquired reovirus type 1 infections often develop heterotypic HI antibodies to types 2 and 3, whereas cattle with natural type 3 infections develop only homotypic HI antib~ dies.~ The same serological responses have been noted in naturally infected~ hildren.~,~ Furthermore, cattle have been experimentally infected intranasally with each of the three serotypes of human origin, 6 and human volunteers have been infected intranasally with reovirus type 1 of bovine origin.’TABLE 2 shows the antibody titers found when the sera of children and calves naturally infected with reoviruses were tested with antigens prepared with isolates from various animal species. A reovirus of the type indicated was recovered from each of the children and calves whose sera were employed. In addition, only those serum pairs which showed an essentially homotypic response when tested with the three human prototype strains and which were without pre-existing HI antibody to these strains were used. It is known that each of the calves except one was experiencing its first reovirus infection. The children were all less than 4 years of age. Since young animals undergoing their first infection with a virus of a particular family usually exhibit the most