Effects of bison and cattle on growth, reproduction, and abundances of five tallgrass prairie forbs
Effects of bison and cattle on growth, reproduction, and abundances of five tallgrass prairie forbs
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DOI：
10.2307/2446471
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发表时间：
1997-12-01
影响因子：
3
通讯作者：
Hartnett, DC
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Damhoureyeh, SA;Hartnett, DC
在堪萨斯高草草原上采集杂类草种群样本，研究本地（野牛）和国内（牛）有蹄类动物对植物生长、繁殖和物种丰度的影响。选择了五种在当地和区域分布丰富的原生高草草原多年生植物，Baptisia bracteata，月见草，斑鸠菊，密苏里一枝黄花，和鼠尾草。重复流域级治疗包括三个放牧制度（未放牧，放牧的牛，放牧的野牛），和两个春季火灾频率（每年烧毁，烧毁4年的间隔）。结果表明，高草草原杂类草对有蹄类动物的反应是复杂的，并在植物种类、有蹄类动物种类、火灾状况和植物生活史阶段之间存在显著差异。一些杂类植物（例如，B。bracteata，O. speciosa和V. baldwinii）在放牧地的生长和繁殖增加，表明竞争性释放响应于优势暖季基质草的选择性放牧。杂类草，减少性能放牧的网站可能产生负面影响有蹄类动物的非放牧活动所产生的干扰，因为没有杂类草研究直接消耗的野牛或牛。大型食草动物对其他食草动物或病原体对植物造成损害的频率没有可检测的影响。食草动物的开花和种子生产模式的显着影响不一致，其对人口密度的影响，表明有性生殖的变化在调节当地人口丰度中起着次要的作用。此外，本地和国内有蹄类动物在其对杂类草生长和繁殖的影响显着不同。
Forb populations were sampled on Kansas tallgrass prairie to examine the effects of native (bison) and domestic (cattle) ungulates on plant growth, reproduction, and species abundances. Five locally and regionally abundant native tallgrass prairie perennials, Baptisia bracteata, Oenothera speciosa, Vernonia baldwinii, Solidago missouriensis, and Salvia azurea, were selected for study. Replicate watershed-level treatments included three grazing regimes (ungrazed, grazed by cattle, and grazed by bison), and two spring fire frequencies (annually burned and burned at 4-yr intervals). The results show that forb responses to ungulates in tallgrass prairie are complex and vary significantly among plant species, ungulate species, fire regimes, and plant life history stages. Some forbs (e.g., B. bracteata, O. speciosa, and V. baldwinii) increased in growth and reproduction in grazed sites, indicating competitive release in response to selective grazing of the dominant warm-season matrix grasses. Forbs that reduced performance in grazed sites are likely negatively affected by disturbances generated by ungulate nongrazing activities, because none of the forbs studied were directly consumed by bison or cattle. Large grazers had no detectable effect on the frequency of plant damage by other herbivores or pathogens. Significant effects of grazers on patterns of flowering and seed production were not congruent with their effects on population densities, indicating that variation in sexual reproduction plays a minor role in regulating local population abundances. Furthermore, the native and domestic ungulates differ significantly in their effects on forb growth and reproduction.