From webs, loops, shunts, and pumps to microbial multitasking: Evolving concepts of marine microbial ecology, the mixoplankton paradigm, and implications for a future ocean
From webs, loops, shunts, and pumps to microbial multitasking: Evolving concepts of marine microbial ecology, the mixoplankton paradigm, and implications for a future ocean
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DOI：
10.1002/lno.12018
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发表时间：
2022-01-21
影响因子：
4.5
通讯作者：
Mitra, Aditee
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Glibert, Patricia M.;Mitra, Aditee
浮游混合生物（一种普遍存在的微生物，在一个细胞中协同利用光养和吞噬作用）的新兴知识重塑了我们对物质和能量流动的认识，对海洋生产力、生物多样性和可持续性产生了广泛影响。随着对海洋微生物丰度、活性和作用及其相互作用的复杂性的了解不断增加，微生物相互作用的概念模型已经从食物链（其中固碳浮游植物被认为仅由浮游动物吃草，而浮游动物反过来支持渔业和更高的营养水平）演变为微生物网、循环和分流。在未来的世界中，依靠单一策略获取营养（光自养或吞噬异养）的浮游生物可能会因温度升高和海洋酸化影响生命率、热分层减少水柱养分交换以及人为污染改变养分的数量、形式和比例而处于不利地位。这些条件可能导致化学计量失衡，从而可能促进混合浮游物种的有害繁殖的可能性增加。浮游生物物种组成的这种变化改变了海洋微生物的相互联系，对生物地球化学循环、营养动态和生态系统服务产生直接影响。在这里，探讨了在全球变化、受人为影响的世界中，浮游混合生物范式相对于微生物海洋学传统概念的影响。
Emerging knowledge of mixoplankton-ubiquitous microbes that employ phototrophy and phagotrophy synergistically in one cell-reshapes our knowledge of the flow of materials and energy, with wide-reaching impacts on marine productivity, biodiversity, and sustainability. Conceptual models of microbial interactions have evolved from food-chains, where carbon-fixing phytoplankton are conceived as being grazed solely by zooplankton that, in turn, support fisheries and higher trophic levels, to microbial webs, loops, and shunts, as knowledge about abundance, activity, and roles of marine microbial organisms-as well as the complexity of their interactions-has increased. In a future world, plankton that depend on a single strategy for acquiring nutrition (photo-autotrophy or phago-heterotrophy) may be disadvantaged with increasing temperatures and ocean acidification impacting vital rates, thermal stratification decreasing water column nutrient exchange, and anthropogenic pollution shifting amounts, forms, and proportions of nutrients. These conditions can lead to stoichiometric imbalances that may promote mixoplanktonic species with an increasing likelihood of harmful blooms. Such changes in plankton species composition alters the interconnectivity of oceanic microbes with direct consequences on biogeochemical cycling, trophic dynamics, and ecosystem services. Here, the implications of the mixoplankton paradigm relative to traditional concepts of microbial oceanography in a globally-changing, anthropogenically-impacted world are explored.