Predictors and correlates of the frequency and the length of verbal communications between nursing staff and elderly residents in geriatric care facilities
Predictors and correlates of the frequency and the length of verbal communications between nursing staff and elderly residents in geriatric care facilities
复制标题
老年护理机构中护理人员与老年居民之间口头交流频率和长度的预测因素和相关性
DOI：
--
复制
发表时间：
2004
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
K. Shitita
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Y. Fukaya;Kazuko Suzuki;K. Shitita
目的： 本研究旨在探讨老年照护机构中照护者与老年住客间之语言沟通型态与频率。本研究以照顾者与老年人的谈话与老年人的话语为研究对象，探讨照顾者与老年人之间的言语交流关系。老年居民的属性也进行了研究。
方法：35名老年居民生活在三个大都市的老年护理机构。 观察了照顾者与老年居民交谈，老年居民与照顾者交谈，以进行内容分析，对观察到的言语交流类型进行分类。对老年人言语交流的频率和持续时间与其属性之间的关系进行了统计分析。
结果：照顾者与老年人交谈的类型主要有两类："为引出与日常生活活动（ADL）相关的行为/表现或身体功能"（I型：工具性交流）和"为促进心理社会生活活动"（II型：情感性交流），其中前者占75.9%。 老年居民的自发话语的数量非常低，大多数话语是对照顾者与他们交谈的反应。老年居民的言语表达有随照顾者谈话总时间增加而增加的趋势（r = 0.47，P <0.01）。低活动能力者与高活动能力者、痴呆者与非痴呆者的谈话时间较长（t = 3.4，P <0.01）。
结论：老年居民的第二类交流与平均话语频率的相关性高于第一类交流（r = 0.72，P <0.01），提示第二类交流更容易引发老年居民的话语。
Aim: The present study was conducted to clarify the type and frequency of verbal communication between caregivers and elderly residents in geriatric care facilities. The relationship of this verbal communication was studied in terms of the caregivers talking to elderly residents and the utterances issued by the elderly residents. The attributes of the elderly residents were also studied.
Methods: There were 35 eldery residents living in three metropolitan geriatric care facilities. Observations were made of caregivers talking to elderly residents and of elderly residents talking to caregivers in order to conduct a content analysis that categorized the types of verbal communication observed. A statistical analysis of the relationship between the frequency and duration of verbal communication and attributes of the elderly residents was carried out.
Results: There were two category types of talking to elderly residents by a caregiver: ‘talking to elicit the ‘activities of daily living (ADL)-related behavior/performance or physical functioning’ (type I: instrumental communication) and ‘talking to facilitate psychosocial life activities’ (type II: affective communication), of which the former accounted for 75.9%. The number of spontaneous utterances from elderly residents was very low, with most utterances being responses to caregivers talking to them. There was a tendency for utterances from the elderly residents to increase as the total time of being talked to by caregiver increased (r = 0.47, P < 0.01). The total amount of time a caregiver spent talking to elderly residents was longer for people with low versus high mobility and for people with dementia versus people without dementia (t = 3.4, P < 0.01).
Conclusion: The correlation between type II communication and the mean frequency of utterances by elderly residents was high (r = 0.72, P < 0.01) compared with type I, suggesting that the former type of communication is more likely to elicit utterances by elderly residents.