Myelopoiesis in the Context of Innate Immunity.

Myelopoiesis in the Context of Innate Immunity.
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先天免疫背景下的骨髓生成。

DOI:
10.1159/000489406
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发表时间:
2018
影响因子:
5.3
通讯作者:
Chavakis T
Chavakis T
中科院分区:
医学2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Mitroulis I;Kalafati L;Hajishengallis G;Chavakis T

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An intact and fully functional innate immune system is critical in the defense against pathogens. Indeed, during systemic infection, the ability of the organism to cope with the increased demand for phagocytes depends heavily on sufficient replenishment of mature myeloid cells. This process, designated emergency or demand-adapted myelopoiesis, requires the activation of hematopoietic progenitors in the bone marrow resulting in their proliferation and differentiation toward the myeloid lineage. Failure of bone marrow progenitors to adapt to the enhanced need for mature cells in the periphery can be life-threatening, as indicated by the detrimental effect of chemotherapy-induced myelosuppression on the outcome of systemic infection. Recent advances demonstrate an important role of not only committed myeloid progenitors but also of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) in emergency myelopoiesis. In this regard, pathogen-derived products (e.g., Toll-like receptor ligands) activate HSC differentiation towards the myeloid lineage either directly or indirectly by inducing the production of inflammatory mediators (e.g., cytokines and growth factors) by hematopoietic and non-hematopoietic cell populations. The inflammatory mediators driving demand-adapted myelopoiesis target not only HSCs but also HSC-supportive cell populations, collectively known as the HSC niche, the micro-environment where HSCs reside. In this review, we discuss recent findings that have further elucidated the mechanisms that drive emergency myelopoiesis, focusing on the interactions of HSCs with their bone marrow micro-environment.
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