Biochemical, behavioural and electrophysiological investigations of brain maturation in chickens
Biochemical, behavioural and electrophysiological investigations of brain maturation in chickens
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DOI：
10.1016/j.brainresbull.2008.02.036
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发表时间：
2008-06-15
影响因子：
3.8
通讯作者：
Rostas, John A. P.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Atkinson, Rebbekah;Migues, PaolaV;Rostas, John A. P.
将突触网络的发育分为两个阶段是很方便的：突触形成，在此期间建立突触接触；以及随后的成熟阶段，在此期间突触电路被微调并且单个突触的属性被修改。了解控制人类长期成熟过程的复杂因素对于理解各种神经和精神疾病可能很重要。鸡提供了一个理想的实验模型，在该模型中可以识别成熟特定的变化，并可以阐明控制这些变化的机制，因为成熟阶段是延长的并且在时间上与形成阶段分离。本文回顾了有关鸡大脑发育成熟阶段的生物学机制的知识，并提出了一些新数据。突触生理学研究表明，成熟可能会改变刺激诱导的突触可塑性的基础设定点。 N-甲基-D-天冬氨酸 (NMDA)、α-氨基-3-羟基-5-甲基-4-异恶唑丙酸酯 (AMPA) 和代谢型谷氨酸受体 (mGluR) 的生化和药理学研究揭示了受体调节和与受体激活相关的细胞内信号传导途径的重大变化。因此，毫不奇怪，当未成熟或成熟的鸡学习相同的行为任务时，突触处的学习诱导分子事件是不同的。听觉事件相关电位和基础脑电图特征的变化为监测鸡脑成熟变化提供了非侵入性技术，但前脉冲抑制 (PPI) 太小且变化太大，在鸡中没有用处。实验诱发的轻度迟发性甲状腺功能减退症会延迟大脑成熟的某些方面，并可能有助于确定一些控制成熟的机制。 (C) 2008 Elsevier Inc. 保留所有权利。
It is convenient to divide the development of synaptic networks into two phases: synapse formation during which synaptic contacts are established, and a subsequent maturation phase during which synaptic circuits are fine tuned and the properties of individual synapses are modified. Understanding the complex factors that control the protracted maturation process in humans is likely to be important for understanding a variety of neurological and psychiatric disorders. Chickens provide an ideal experimental model in which maturation specific changes can be identified and the mechanisms controlling them can be elucidated because the maturation phase is protracted and temporally separated from the formation phase. This paper reviews the knowledge about the biological mechanisms involved in the maturation phase of brain development in chickens and presents some new data. Studies of synaptic physiology suggest that maturation may alter the basal set point for stimulus induced synaptic plasticity. Biochemical and pharmacological studies of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA), alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionate (AMPA) and metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs) revealed major changes in receptor regulation and the intracellular signalling pathways linked to receptor activation. Not surprisingly, therefore, when immature or mature chickens learn the same behavioural task the learning induced molecular events at the synapse are different. Changes in the features of auditory event related potentials and the basal EEG provide non-invasive techniques for monitoring maturation changes in chicken brain but prepulse inhibition (PPI) is too small and variable in chickens to be useful. Experimentally induced mild late-onset hypothyroidism retards some aspects of brain maturation and may help identify some of the mechanisms controlling maturation. (C) 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.