Environmental resource planning under cap-and-trade: models for optimization
Environmental resource planning under cap-and-trade: models for optimization
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jclepro.2015.04.085
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发表时间：
2016-01
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
Ming Zhou;Yanchun Pan;Zhimin Chen;Xinghang Chen
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Ming Zhou;Yanchun Pan;Zhimin Chen;Xinghang Chen
在总量管制与交易（C&T）计划的条件下，制造商的温室气体排放总量受到限制，但允许他们选择购买环境资源（例如经核证的排放配额（CEQ）或某些污染物排放的商业化许可证），或进行自我净化，以减低排放水平，满足生产或服务活动的整体排放需要。本文分析了限额交易条件下生产系统的运行决策问题，将问题建模为多阶段动态优化问题。对于每个规划期，该模型具体解决了购买CEQ、通过SP减少排放以及结转剩余排放配额（SEQ）以满足该期间所需的排放水平（由生产需求驱动）的决策。该计划亦确保在整个规划期内减少的排放量总和，完全符合制造商酌情指定的减排目标。其他重要的问题特征包括通过可持续发展减少排放水平的单位成本，以反映成本随累积减排量的增加而增加的事实，即“越减少，越难以减少”，以及与减排绿色投资相关的时间相关成本，例如短期贷款的利息成本。这些特点使得该模型和相关分析对这一领域的从业者和研究人员都很有用。设计并进行了数值实验，以验证和验证所提出的概念。
Under the conditions of a Cap-and-Trade (C&T) program, manufacturers are restricted in total greenhouse gas emissions but allowed with options to acquire (and dispose) environmental resource (e.g. certified emission quota (CEQ) or commercialized permit for emission of certain pollutant) via a market system, or conduct self-purification (SP) to reduce emission level to satisfy their overall emission needs due to production or service activities. This paper analyzes the operational decisions of production systems under Cap-and-Trade conditions, in which the problem is modeled as a multi-stage dynamic optimization problem. For each planning period, the model specifically addresses the decisions on purchasing CEQ, reducing emission via SP, and carrying over surplus emission quota (SEQ) to meet the required emission level (driven by production demand) for the period. It also makes sure that the sum of reduced emission over the whole planning horizon meets exactly a goal of emission reduction specified at the manufacturers' discretion. Other important problem characteristics addressed include the unit cost for reducing emission level via SP to reflect the fact that the cost increases as accumulated emission reduction increases, i.e. “the more reduced, the more difficult to reduce”, and time-related cost associated with green investment for emission reduction, e.g. interest cost of short term loans. These characteristics make the model and related analysis useful for both practitioners and researchers in this area. Numerical experiments were designed and carried out to verify and validate the proposed concepts.