Microglial process convergence on axonal segments in health and disease.
Microglial process convergence on axonal segments in health and disease.
复制标题
小胶质过程对健康和疾病的轴突段的收敛。
DOI：
10.20517/2347-8659.2019.28
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发表时间：
2020
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Lafrenaye AD
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Benusa SD;Lafrenaye AD
小胶质细胞动态地与神经元相互作用，影响神经元网络的发育、结构和功能。最近的研究表明，小胶质细胞也可能通过与负责动作电位起始和传播的轴突结构域的物理相互作用来影响神经元活动。然而，这些小胶质过程相互作用的性质尚不清楚。小胶质细胞-轴突的接触在发育早期就存在，并持续到成年期，这暗示了小胶质细胞在发育中和成熟中枢神经系统中对轴突完整性的调节中的相互作用。此外，在多发性硬化症（MS）和创伤性脑损伤（TBI）等疾病状态中也描述了小胶质细胞-轴突接触的变化。根据疾病状态，与特定轴突段的关联增加。在MS中，小胶质细胞与轴突初始段和Ranvier节点的接触增强，而在TBI中，小胶质细胞改变了与损伤部位轴突以及轴突初始段的相互作用。在本文中，我们回顾了小胶质细胞过程与轴突段的相互作用，分析了它们与各种轴突结构域的关联，以及这些相互作用在MS和TBI之间的差异。此外，我们讨论了这些相互作用的潜在功能后果和分子机制，以及这些相互作用在不同类型的小胶质-轴突相互作用中可能存在的差异。
Microglia dynamically interact with neurons influencing the development, structure, and function of neuronal networks. Recent studies suggest microglia may also influence neuronal activity by physically interacting with axonal domains responsible for action potential initiation and propagation. However, the nature of these microglial process interactions is not well understood. Microglial-axonal contacts are present early in development and persist through adulthood, implicating microglial interactions in the regulation of axonal integrity in both the developing and mature central nervous system. Moreover, changes in microglial-axonal contact have been described in disease states such as multiple sclerosis (MS) and traumatic brain injury (TBI). Depending on the disease state, there are increased associations with specific axonal segments. In MS, there is enhanced contact with the axon initial segment and node of Ranvier, while, in TBI, microglia alter interactions with axons at the site of injury, as well as at the axon initial segment. In this article, we review the interactions of microglial processes with axonal segments, analyzing their associations with various axonal domains and how these interactions may differ between MS and TBI. Furthermore, we discuss potential functional consequences and molecular mechanisms of these interactions and how these may differ among various types of microglial-axonal interactions.