Evolutionary ecology of nectar
Evolutionary ecology of nectar
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DOI：
10.1093/aob/mcy132
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发表时间：
2018-07
期刊：
影响因子：
4.2
通讯作者：
Amy L. Parachnowitsch;Jessamyn S. Manson;N. Sletvold
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Amy L. Parachnowitsch;Jessamyn S. Manson;N. Sletvold
背景花蜜是植物与传粉者相互作用的重要决定因素，也是传粉综合征的组成部分，表明花蜜是传粉者介导的选择。然而，与花的展示特征相比，我们对花蜜的进化生态学知之甚少。结合文献综述与荟萃分析方法，我们总结了花蜜性状遗传变异的证据，并将这种变异与传粉者的反应和植物适应性联系起来。我们进一步审查花蜜性状和花的信号之间的关联，并讨论他们在诚实的信号和目标的选择。范围虽然花蜜是强烈的环境因素的影响，花蜜生产率的遗传变异已被记录在几个人口（平均值H2 = 0.31）。几乎没有人知道其他花蜜性状的遗传力，如糖和氨基酸浓度。只有少数研究量化了花蜜性状的选择，很少有统计学意义的选择。传粉者对花蜜性状的反应表明它们可能会推动选择，但缺乏将传粉者偏好与植物适应性联系起来的研究。到目前为止，只有一项研究最终确定传粉者是花蜜性状的选择剂，微生物，食草动物，花蜜掠夺者和非生物因素在花蜜进化中的作用在很大程度上是假设的。最后，有一个趋势，花的线索和花蜜性状之间的正相关，表明诚实的信号奖励。结论通过对自然种群中花蜜的选择进行量化的研究，以及确定目标性状和选择因子的实验方法，可以取得重要进展。信号奖励协会表明，相关选择可能会塑造花蜜性状的进化，并需要研究探索这些更复杂的自然选择形式。关于花蜜进化的许多问题仍然没有答案，使这一领域的未来研究成熟。
Background Floral nectar is an important determinant of plant-pollinator interactions and an integral component of pollination syndromes, suggesting it is under pollinator-mediated selection. However, compared to floral display traits, we know little about the evolutionary ecology of nectar. Combining a literature review with a meta-analysis approach, we summarize the evidence for heritable variation in nectar traits and link this variation to pollinator response and plant fitness. We further review associations between nectar traits and floral signals and discuss them in the context of honest signalling and targets of selection. Scope Although nectar is strongly influenced by environmental factors, heritable variation in nectar production rate has been documented in several populations (mean h2 = 0.31). Almost nothing is known about heritability of other nectar traits, such as sugar and amino acid concentrations. Only a handful of studies have quantified selection on nectar traits, and few find statistically significant selection. Pollinator responses to nectar traits indicate they may drive selection, but studies tying pollinator preferences to plant fitness are lacking. So far, only one study conclusively identified pollinators as selective agents on a nectar trait, and the role of microbes, herbivores, nectar robbers and abiotic factors in nectar evolution is largely hypothetical. Finally, there is a trend for positive correlations among floral cues and nectar traits, indicating honest signalling of rewards. Conclusions Important progress can be made by studies that quantify current selection on nectar in natural populations, as well as experimental approaches that identify the target traits and selective agents involved. Signal-reward associations suggest that correlational selection may shape evolution of nectar traits, and studies exploring these more complex forms of natural selection are needed. Many questions about nectar evolution remain unanswered, making this a field ripe for future research.