Changing the Geography of Opportunity by Expanding Residential Choice: Lessons from the Gautreaux Program
Changing the Geography of Opportunity by Expanding Residential Choice: Lessons from the Gautreaux Program
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通过扩大居住选择来改变机会的地理位置：高特罗计划的经验教训
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发表时间：
1995
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
J. Rosenbaum
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
J. Rosenbaum
摘要“机会地理”的概念表明，个人居住的地方影响他们的机会。虽然多变量分析不能完全控制个人的自我选择的社区，本文探讨了一个住宅一体化计划的Gautreaux计划，其中低收入的黑人被随机分配到中等收入的白色郊区或低收入的主要是黑人的城市地区。与城市搬家者相比，成年郊区搬家者的就业率更高，但工资或工作时间没有不同，郊区搬家者的年轻人在几项教育措施上做得更好，如果不是在大学里，更有可能有高薪和福利的工作。这两组年轻人与同龄人互动的可能性相同，但郊区搬家者与白人互动的可能性要大得多，与黑人互动的可能性略低。文章认为，如何自然减员可能会影响观察和推测该计划的优势和陷阱。
Abstract The concept of “geography of opportunity” suggests that where individuals live affects their opportunities. While multivariate analyses cannot control completely for individual self‐selection to neighborhoods, this article examines a residential integration program—the Gautreaux program—in which low‐income blacks are randomly assigned to middle‐income white suburbs or low‐income mostly black urban areas. Compared with urban movers, adult suburban movers experience higher employment but no different wages or hours worked, and suburban mover youth do better on several educational measures and, if not in college, are more likely to have jobs with good pay and benefits. The two groups of youth are equally likely to interact with peers, but suburban movers are much more likely to interact with whites and only slightly less likely to interact with blacks. The article considers how attrition might affect the observations and speculates about the program's strengths and pitfalls.