VARIABILITY OF LAKES ON THE LANDSCAPE: ROLES OF PHOSPHORUS, FOOD WEBS, AND DISSOLVED ORGANIC CARBON
VARIABILITY OF LAKES ON THE LANDSCAPE: ROLES OF PHOSPHORUS, FOOD WEBS, AND DISSOLVED ORGANIC CARBON
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湖泊景观的变化：磷、食物网和溶解有机碳的作用
DOI：
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发表时间：
2003
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影响因子：
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通讯作者：
S. Carpenter
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作者：
B. Beisner;C. Lisa Dent;S. Carpenter
在北方温带湖泊中，藻类丰度或叶绿素水平受到磷负荷(P)、溶解有机碳(DOC)和钓鱼者诱导的营养级联的食物网效应的影响。为了研究土地利用和气候的变化如何影响这些湖泊未来的叶绿素条件，我们创建了一个考虑这些因素影响的湖泊叶绿素的非线性模型。对威斯康星州北部湖泊的参数进行了估计。我们发现，当磷输入低、DOC高、钓鱼者压力低时，单个湖泊清水状态的恢复力最大。我们模拟了一个湖泊种群，以了解目前在景观中湖泊之间的叶绿素和弹性的分布。在该地区目前的土地和湖泊利用条件下，该模型表明该地区的湖泊大多为韧性较强的清水湖。然而，低水平的叶绿素并不能保证抗逆性。恢复力呈双峰分布，这表明，在随机冲击或不断变化的条件下，更多的湖泊可能会转变为高叶绿素状态，修复成本高昂。我们还模拟了一项湖沼学比较研究，以确定如果我们的模型确实真实地产生了湖泊生态系统动态，那么从一种常见的研究方法中将得出什么结论。我们表明，磷的输入往往是湖泊叶绿素水平的最重要的驱动因素，尽管所有的机制(包括DOC和放牧)都驱动着这种动态。这一发现表明，湖沼学中关于藻类丰度的主要驱动因素的长期争论可以用研究方法的不同来解释。这项工作将社区和生态系统生态结合在一起，并展示了它们的过程如何相互作用，以驱动更高阶的反馈。
In northern temperate lakes, algal abundance or chlorophyll levels are af- fected by phosphorus loading (P), dissolved organic carbon (DOC), and food web effects from trophic cascades induced by anglers. To investigate how changes in land use and climate might affect future chlorophyll conditions in these lakes, we created a nonlinear model for lake chlorophyll that considers the effects of these factors. Parameters were estimated for northern Wisconsin lakes. We show that resilience of the clear-water state in a single lake is maximized when P inputs are low, DOC is high, and angler pressure is low. We simulated a population of lakes to understand the current distribution of chlorophyll and resilience across lakes in the landscape. Under current conditions of land and lake use in the area, the model indicates that most lakes in the region are resilient clear-water lakes. Low chlorophyll levels, however, do not guarantee resiliency. Resilience shows a bimodal distribution suggesting that, with stochastic shocks or changing conditions, more lakes could shift to a high chlorophyll state that is costly to remediate. We also simulated a limnological comparative study to determine what conclusions would be drawn from a common research method if lacustrine ecosystem dynamics are indeed faithfully generated by our model. We show that phosphorus input will most often appear to be the most significant driver of lake chlorophyll levels, despite the fact that all mechanisms (including DOC and grazing) drive the dynamics. This finding suggests that long-standing debates in limnology about the primary drivers of algal abundance are explainable by differences in research approaches. This work brings together community and ecosystem ecology and shows how their processes can interact to drive higher-order feedbacks.