Opportunities and Challenges of Urban and Peri-Urban Agriculture in Niamey, Niger
Opportunities and Challenges of Urban and Peri-Urban Agriculture in Niamey, Niger
复制标题
尼日尔尼亚美城市和城郊农业的机遇和挑战
DOI：
10.5367/000000008783883564
复制
发表时间：
2008
影响因子：
3
通讯作者：
A. Buerkert
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Sophie Graefe;E. Schlecht;A. Buerkert
城市和城郊农业（UPA）提供了约10%的全球粮食供应，在减少贫困和提高城市家庭的粮食安全方面具有巨大潜力。为了描述UPA的类型和强度，并评估其资源利用效率，半结构化访谈进行了积极参与UPA在尼亚美，尼日尔的130户。调查数据表明，大量使用牲畜粪便种植蔬菜，较少用于生产主食。UPA的牲畜部分严重依赖来自农村腹地的活牲畜和饲料供应。有机和无机肥料的施用，加上不加区别地使用含有养分的废水进行灌溉，导致UPA花园出现大量养分过剩。部分养分平衡的初步计算表明，含氮化合物的气体排放以及氮、磷和钾向地下水的沥滤可能很大。虫害和缺乏灌溉水或灌溉需要大量劳动力分别被确定为UPA园艺活动的主要限制因素。尽管如此，园艺被证明是UPA三大主要活动中经济效益最高的职业。缺乏劳动力和缺乏现金来雇用劳动力和购买投入，是小米种植者面临的主要制约因素，而与研究人员不同的是，只有少数农民认为土壤肥力是一个主要问题。
Urban and peri-urban agriculture (UPA) provide about 10% of the global food supply and have a significant potential to reduce poverty and increase food security in urban households. To characterize UPA types and intensities and to assess their resource use efficiencies, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 130 households actively involved in UPA in Niamey, Niger. The survey data indicated high use of livestock manure for vegetable gardening and to a lesser extent for the production of staple food. The UPA livestock component depended heavily on the supply of live animals and feed from the rural hinterland. The application of organic and inorganic fertilizers in combination with the indiscriminate use of nutrient-loaded wastewater for irrigation purposes led to important nutrient surpluses in UPA gardens. First calculations of partial nutrient balances indicated that gaseous emission of nitrogenous compounds as well as leaching of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium to the groundwater might be large. Insect attack and the lack of irrigation water or high labour needs for irrigation were identified respectively as major constraints to UPA gardening activities. Despite this, gardening proved to be the most economically beneficial occupation of the three main UPA activities. Lack of workforce and lack of cash to hire labour and purchase inputs constituted major constraints to millet farmers, as against soil fertility, which, in contrast to researchers, only a few farmers viewed as a major problem.