Medusozoan genomes inform the evolution of the jellyfish body plan
Medusozoan genomes inform the evolution of the jellyfish body plan
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DOI：
10.1038/s41559-019-0853-y
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发表时间：
2019-05-01
影响因子：
16.8
通讯作者：
Satoh, Noriyuki
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Khalturin, Konstantin;Shinzato, Chuya;Satoh, Noriyuki
刺胞动物在身体形态和生活方式上有着惊人的多样性，包括水母动物中的水母阶段和珊瑚动物中的水母阶段。在这里，我们序列的奥雷利亚aurita（scyphozoan）和Morbakka cubozoan的基因组了解负责的起源的水母体计划的分子机制。我们表明，两种水母类型之间的遗传差异的幅度是相当的，平均而言，人类和海胆的两侧对称血统之间的遗传差异的水平。大约三分之一的奥雷利亚基因与珊瑚和海葵的基因组没有匹配，这表明珊瑚虫到水母的转变需要保守和新的水母特异性基因的组合。虽然没有基因组区域与产生水母阶段的能力特别相关，但在刺胞动物基因组中，参与水母细胞（一种门特异性细胞类型）发育的基因排列是高度结构化和保守的;因此，它代表了水母型基因簇。
Cnidarians are astonishingly diverse in body form and lifestyle, including the presence of a jellyfish stage in medusozoans and its absence in anthozoans. Here, we sequence the genomes of Aurelia aurita (a scyphozoan) and Morbakka virulenta (a cubozoan) to understand the molecular mechanisms responsible for the origin of the jellyfish body plan. We show that the magnitude of genetic differences between the two jellyfish types is equivalent, on average, to the level of genetic differences between humans and sea urchins in the bilaterian lineage. About one-third of Aurelia genes with jellyfish-specific expression have no matches in the genomes of the coral and sea anemone, indicating that the polyp-to-jellyfish transition requires a combination of conserved and novel, medusozoa-specific genes. While no genomic region is specifically associated with the ability to produce a jellyfish stage, the arrangement of genes involved in the development of a nematocyte-a phylum-specific cell type-is highly structured and conserved in cnidarian genomes; thus, it represents a phylotypic gene cluster.