Brain Mechanisms of Visual Localization by Frogs and Toads
Brain Mechanisms of Visual Localization by Frogs and Toads
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青蛙和蟾蜍视觉定位的大脑机制
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发表时间：
1983
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影响因子：
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通讯作者：
D. Ingle
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作者：
D. Ingle
经典行为学提供了两个基本的主题，仍然是当前神经行为学研究的核心。首先，假设感官“环境”中的事件通过窄调刺激过滤器激活行为-即，相对较少的显著特征决定了食物、配偶、父母或敌人的识别。“先天释放机制”一词可能过于狭窄，无法描述鸟类和哺乳动物感觉识别图式的复杂性，但它似乎仍然适用于鱼类、两栖动物和爬行动物的许多行为。作为一个例子，喂养行为在新变态的小青蛙（英格尔，unpubl。数据）似乎完全显现出来：由于之前没有像蝌蚪一样追逐视觉物体的经验，它们准确地转向并咬向小的移动猎物。这些动作序列也符合“固定动作模式”的原始概念，这是古典动物行为学的第二个主要继承。在捕捉猎物的过程中，青蛙的头、嘴、舌头和腿的动作是高度固定的。通过知道猎物的径向位置，高度和距离可以预测的模式。虽然行为看起来很僵硬，但它是快速和准确的：非常适合在资源有限的大量人口中为食物和生存而进行的激烈竞争。
Classical ethology provides two fundamental themes which remain at the heart of current research in neuroethology. First, is the assumption that events in the sensory “Umwelt” activate behavior via narrowly-tuned stimulus filters — i.e., that relatively few distinctive features determine the recognition of food, mate, parent or enemy. The term “innate releasing mechanisms” is probably too narrow to characterize the complexity of sensory recognition schema for birds and mammals, but it still seems to apply to many behaviors of fishes, amphibians and reptiles. As an example, the feeding behavior in newly metamorphosed froglets (Ingle, unpubl. data) seems to emerge fullblown: with no prior experience as tadpoles in pursuing visual objects, they accurately turn and snap at small moving prey. These movement sequences also fit the original notion of a “fixed action pattern”, which is the second main inheritance from classical ethology. During prey-catching the frog’s coordination of head, mouth, tongue and leg movements is highly stereotyped. The patterns predictable from knowing the radial location, height and distance of the prey. Although the behavior appears rigid, it is fast and accurate: well-adapted for the rigorous competition for food and survival among a large population with limited resources.