Blackboxing: social learning strategies and cultural evolution
Blackboxing: social learning strategies and cultural evolution
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DOI：
10.1098/rstb.2015.0369
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发表时间：
2016-05-05
影响因子：
6.3
通讯作者：
Heyes, Cecilia
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Heyes, Cecilia
社会学习策略（sls）使人类、非人类动物和人工代理能够做出适应性决策，决定何时应该复制其他代理以及应该复制谁。行为生态学家和经济学家已经发现了一系列令人印象深刻的SLSs，并在使用“表型策略”时探索了它们对行为效率和生殖适合度的可能影响；忽视或故意对实现SLSs的认知过程的性质和起源保持不可知论。在这里，我认为sls的这种“黑盒”不再是一种可行的科学策略。通过“社会学习策略竞赛”，它促成了一个过早的结论，即社会学习通常比非社会学习更好，并对sls与文化进化之间的关系产生了深刻的困惑。这个谜题可以通过认识到，尽管大多数SLSs是“行星”的，它们依赖于领域一般认知过程，但有些SLSs（仅在人类中发现）是“像厨师一样的”，它们依赖于明确的元认知规则，比如复制数字原生代。这些元认知语言障碍促进了社会学习过程的发展，从而增强了社会学习的广泛性、特殊性和准确性，从而促进了文化进化。
Social learning strategies (SLSs) enable humans, non-human animals, and artificial agents to make adaptive decisions about when they should copy other agents, and who they should copy. Behavioural ecologists and economists have discovered an impressive range of SLSs, and explored their likely impact on behavioural efficiency and reproductive fitness while using the 'phenotypic gambit'; ignoring, or remaining deliberately agnostic about, the nature and origins of the cognitive processes that implement SLSs. Here I argue that this 'blackboxing' of SLSs is no longer a viable scientific strategy. It has contributed, through the 'social learning strategies tournament', to the premature conclusion that social learning is generally better than asocial learning, and to a deep puzzle about the relationship between SLSs and cultural evolution. The puzzle can be solved by recognizing that whereas most SLSs are 'planetary' they depend on domain-general cognitive processes some SLSs, found only in humans, are 'cook-like' they depend on explicit, metacognitive rules, such as copy digital natives. These metacognitive SLSs contribute to cultural evolution by fostering the development of processes that enhance the exdusivity, specificity, and accuracy of social learning.