Malaria-induced changes in host odors enhance mosquito attraction
Malaria-induced changes in host odors enhance mosquito attraction
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.1405617111
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发表时间：
2014-07-29
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
Mescher, Mark C.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
De Moraes, Consuelo M.;Stanczyk, Nina M.;Mescher, Mark C.
病媒传播的病原体可能改变其主要宿主的性状，从而影响宿主和病媒之间相互作用的频率和性质。以前的工作报告了增强蚊子对感染疟疾寄生虫的宿主生物的吸引力，但没有解决这种影响的机制。在这里，我们记录了疟疾引起的变化，在感染过程中的气味配置文件的感染小鼠（相对于健康的个人），以及受感染的主机蚊子载体的吸引力的影响。我们观察到在急性疟疾症状消退后的关键时期，蚊子对受感染小鼠的吸引力增强，但在此期间小鼠仍然具有高度传染性。这种吸引力对应于在此期间观察到的受感染小鼠的挥发性排放的总体升高。此外，数据分析-使用判别分析的主成分和随机森林的方法-发现感染和健康个体的挥发性混合物的组成有明显的差异。实验操作的个别化合物，表现出不同的排放水平期间，观察到的差异载体的吸引力也引起了增强蚊子的吸引力，这表明化合物的疟疾感染状况的影响也介导的载体主机寻求行为。这些研究结果提供了重要的见解的线索，介导的媒介吸引宿主感染疟疾寄生虫的传播阶段，以及记录特征的变化，感染的个人，可能有潜在的价值作为诊断感染的生物标志物的气味。
Vector-borne pathogens may alter traits of their primary hosts in ways that influence the frequency and nature of interactions between hosts and vectors. Previous work has reported enhanced mosquito attraction to host organisms infected with malaria parasites but did not address the mechanisms underlying such effects. Here we document malaria-induced changes in the odor profiles of infected mice (relative to healthy individuals) over the course of infection, as well as effects on the attractiveness of infected hosts to mosquito vectors. We observed enhanced mosquito attraction to infected mice during a key period after the subsidence of acute malaria symptoms, but during which mice remained highly infectious. This attraction corresponded to an overall elevation in the volatile emissions of infected mice observed during this period. Furthermore, data analyses-using discriminant analysis of principal components and random forest approaches-revealed clear differences in the composition of the volatile blends of infected and healthy individuals. Experimental manipulation of individual compounds that exhibited altered emission levels during the period when differential vector attraction was observed also elicited enhanced mosquito attraction, indicating that compounds being influenced by malaria infection status also mediate vector host-seeking behavior. These findings provide important insights into the cues that mediate vector attraction to hosts infected with transmissible stages of malaria parasites, as well as documenting characteristic changes in the odors of infected individuals that may have potential value as diagnostic biomarkers of infection.