Patterns, Drivers, and Challenges of Vector-Borne Disease Emergence
Patterns, Drivers, and Challenges of Vector-Borne Disease Emergence
复制标题
DOI：
10.1089/vbz.2018.2432
复制
发表时间：
2019-12-03
影响因子：
2.1
通讯作者：
Bennett, Shannon
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Swei, Andrea;Couper, Lisa I.;Bennett, Shannon
病媒传播的疾病正在以越来越快的速度出现，在所有新出现的传染病中所占的比例不成比例。然而，促进病媒传播疾病出现的关键生态和进化层面尚未得到彻底探讨。本研究回顾和综合现有文献，探讨全球环境变化下新发媒介传播人畜共患疾病的全球模式。结果表明，新出现的VBZDs绝大多数由蜱（伊蚊科）和蚊（库蚊科）传播，传播的病原体以立克次体科细菌和RNA病毒（黄病毒科、布尼亚病毒科和托加病毒科）为主。这些新出现的人畜共患病最常见的潜在驱动因素是土地利用变化，但对于许多疾病，驱动因素尚不清楚，这揭示了一个关键的研究空白。虽然大多数报告的森林灾害发生在北纬地区，但在纠正抽样偏差后，非洲显然是新兴森林灾害比例最大的区域。我们强调了我们对VBZD出现的理解的关键差距，并强调跨学科研究和考虑更深层次进化过程的重要性，以提高我们预测此类疾病在何处以及如何出现和将继续出现的能力。
Vector-borne diseases are emerging at an increasing rate and comprise a disproportionate share of all emerging infectious diseases. Yet, the key ecological and evolutionary dimensions of vector-borne disease that facilitate their emergence have not been thoroughly explored. This study reviews and synthesizes the existing literature to explore global patterns of emerging vector-borne zoonotic diseases (VBZDs) under changing global conditions. We find that the vast majority of emerging VBZDs are transmitted by ticks (Ixodidae) and mosquitoes (Culicidae) and the pathogens transmitted are dominated by Rickettsiaceae bacteria and RNA viruses (Flaviviridae, Bunyaviridae, and Togaviridae). The most common potential driver of these emerging zoonoses is land use change, but for many diseases, the driver is unknown, revealing a critical research gap. While most reported VBZDs are emerging in the northern latitudes, after correcting for sampling bias, Africa is clearly a region with the greatest share of emerging VBZD. We highlight critical gaps in our understanding of VBZD emergence and emphasize the importance of interdisciplinary research and consideration of deeper evolutionary processes to improve our capacity for anticipating where and how such diseases have and will continue to emerge.