Qualitative risk analysis of introducing Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis to the UK through the importation of live amphibians.
Qualitative risk analysis of introducing Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis to the UK through the importation of live amphibians.
复制标题
通过进口活两栖动物将 Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis 引入英国的定性风险分析。
DOI：
10.3354/dao02424
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发表时间：
2012
影响因子：
1.4
通讯作者：
A. Cunningham
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
A. Peel;M. Hartley;A. Cunningham
国际两栖动物贸易与两栖动物真菌性疾病壶菌病的出现和传播有关，这种疾病导致了全球两栖动物的减少和灭绝。在英国建立的致病病原体，Batrachochytrium dendrobaestrium（Bd），可能会对本地两栖动物种群的生存产生负面影响。由于认识到它对两栖动物构成的持续威胁，Bd最近被列入世界动物卫生组织水生动物卫生法典，因此被列入国际应报告疾病清单。使用标准化的风险分析指南，我们调查的可能性，Bd将被引入并成为建立在野生两栖动物在英国通过进口活的两栖动物。我们获得的数据的数量和原产地的两栖动物贸易进入英国，并检测到Bd感染的两栖动物被进口的宠物和私人收藏贸易，也在两栖动物已经在圈养宠物，实验室和动物学收藏。我们发现，目前记录进入英国的两栖动物贸易的系统低估了非欧盟贸易量近10倍。我们确定了在英国入境，建立和传播Bd的可能性很高，以及由此产生的重大整体影响。尽管存在不确定性，但我们确定，通过进口活两栖动物将Bd引入英国的总体风险估计很高，需要采取风险管理措施，同时确保将对法律的贸易的负面影响降至最低。
The international amphibian trade is implicated in the emergence and spread of the amphibian fungal disease chytridiomycosis, which has resulted in amphibian declines and extinctions globally. The establishment of the causal pathogen, Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd), in the UK could negatively affect the survival of native amphibian populations. In recognition of the ongoing threat that it poses to amphibians, Bd was recently included in the World Organisation for Animal Health Aquatic Animal Health Code, and therefore is in the list of international notifiable diseases. Using standardised risk analysis guidelines, we investigated the likelihood that Bd would be introduced to and become established in wild amphibians in the UK through the importation of live amphibians. We obtained data on the volume and origin of the amphibian trade entering the UK and detected Bd infection in amphibians being imported for the pet and private collection trade and also in amphibians already held in captive pet, laboratory and zoological collections. We found that current systems for recording amphibian trade into the UK underestimate the volume of non-European Union trade by almost 10-fold. We identified high likelihoods of entry, establishment and spread of Bd in the UK and the resulting major overall impact. Despite uncertainties, we determined that the overall risk estimation for the introduction of Bd to the UK through the importation of live amphibians is high and that risk management measures are required, whilst ensuring that negative effects on legal trade are minimised.