Enhanced mitochondrial biogenesis promotes neuroprotection in human pluripotent stem cell derived retinal ganglion cells.

Enhanced mitochondrial biogenesis promotes neuroprotection in human pluripotent stem cell derived retinal ganglion cells.
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DOI:
10.1038/s42003-023-04576-w
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发表时间:
2023-02-24
影响因子:
5.9
通讯作者:
--
中科院分区:
生物学2区
文献类型:
--
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线粒体功能障碍在中枢神经系统(CNS)疾病中广泛存在,但对如何改善线粒体稳态以促进神经保护的了解甚少。在这里,我们使用了人干细胞分化的CNS视网膜神经节细胞(hRGC),由于其独特的结构和功能,对线粒体功能障碍高度敏感,以确定改善线粒体质量控制(MQC)的机制。我们表明,hRGCs是有效的,在维持线粒体动态平衡,通过快速降解和生物合成的线粒体急性损伤。使用一个神经胶质瘤视神经磷酸酶突变体(E50K)干细胞系,我们表明,在基础水平的突变hRGC具有较少的线粒体质量和遭受线粒体肿胀由于过量的ATP生产负荷。通过药理学抑制Tank结合激酶1(TBK1)激活线粒体生物合成,恢复能量稳态,减轻线粒体肿胀,对昏迷E50 K hRGC的急性线粒体损伤具有神经保护作用,揭示了一种新的神经保护机制。人视网膜神经节细胞在线粒体损伤条件下产生线粒体,TBK1抑制激活WT和昏迷RGC神经元中的线粒体生物发生和神经保护作用。
Mitochondrial dysfunctions are widely afflicted in central nervous system (CNS) disorders with minimal understanding on how to improve mitochondrial homeostasis to promote neuroprotection. Here we have used human stem cell differentiated retinal ganglion cells (hRGCs) of the CNS, which are highly sensitive towards mitochondrial dysfunctions due to their unique structure and function, to identify mechanisms for improving mitochondrial quality control (MQC). We show that hRGCs are efficient in maintaining mitochondrial homeostasis through rapid degradation and biogenesis of mitochondria under acute damage. Using a glaucomatous Optineurin mutant (E50K) stem cell line, we show that at basal level mutant hRGCs possess less mitochondrial mass and suffer mitochondrial swelling due to excess ATP production load. Activation of mitochondrial biogenesis through pharmacological inhibition of the Tank binding kinase 1 (TBK1) restores energy homeostasis, mitigates mitochondrial swelling with neuroprotection against acute mitochondrial damage for glaucomatous E50K hRGCs, revealing a novel neuroprotection mechanism. Human retinal ganglion cells generate mitochondria under mitochondrial damage conditions, with TBK1 inhibition activating mitochondrial biogenesis and neuroprotective effects in both WT and glaucomatous RGC neurons.
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