Cytosolic phospholipase A2:: Biochemical properties and physiological roles
Cytosolic phospholipase A2:: Biochemical properties and physiological roles
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DOI：
10.1080/15216540600702289
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发表时间：
2006-05-01
期刊：
影响因子：
4.6
通讯作者：
Kita, Yoshihiro
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Shimizu, Takao;Ohto, Takayo;Kita, Yoshihiro
磷脂酰胆碱（PC）是生物膜的主要成分，也是血清脂蛋白和肺表面活性剂的组成成分。细胞膜的PC和其他甘油磷脂组成通过刺激依赖和独立的途径动态变化，主要是通过两种不同类型的酶的作用；磷脂酶a2 [EC 3.1.1.4]和酰基辅酶A：溶血磷脂酰基转移酶[EC 2.1.23]。磷脂酶a2是催化甘油磷脂sn-2位置去酰化的关键酶。这种酶在膜脂的重塑和脂质介质，脂肪酸衍生物和溶血磷脂两个亚类的形成中起着关键作用。在许多不同亚型的磷脂酶a2酶中，我们发现胞质磷脂酶a2 α (cPLA 2 α)在各种病理和生理反应中起重要作用。在这里，我们总结了由基因消融引起的cPLA 2 α的表型，以及新发现的cPLA 2家族酶的特性。利用液相色谱-串联质谱（LC-MS/MS）对脂质介质进行综合分析有助于了解单个介质在生理和病理过程中的作用。
Phosphatidylcholine (PC) is a major constituent of biological membranes and a component of serum lipoproteins and pulmonary surfactants. The PC and other glycerophospholipid compositions of membranes change dynamically through stimulus-dependent and independent pathways, principally by the action of two different types of enzymes; phospholipase A 2 [EC 3.1.1.4] and acyl-CoA: lysophospholipid acyltransferase [EC 2.3.1.23]. Phospholipase A 2 is a key enzyme that catalyzes deacylation of the sn-2 position of glycerophospholipids. This enzyme is critical in the remodeling of membrane lipids and formation of two subclasses of lipid mediators, fatty acid derivatives and lysophospholipids. Among many different subtypes of phospholipase A 2 enzymes, we found that cytosolic phospholipase A 2 alpha (cPLA 2 alpha) is important in various pathological and physiological responses. Here, we summarize the phenotypes resulting from genetic ablation of cPLA 2 alpha, and the properties of newly discovered enzymes in the cPLA 2 family. Comprehensive analysis of lipid mediators using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) is useful for understanding the roles of individual mediators in physiological and pathological processes.